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Git
Git is probably the best version control system (VCS) there is. It's easy and can be lightweight, but also has tons of possibilities for using graphical (/web) user interfaces.
Client
The Client is pretty simple to understand.
With only a handfull of commands you should be able to get your versioning going.
For servers with web interfaces there are different cli tools to control it
without using a browser.
For most linux distributions it is packaged with the git package
There is also an interactive fixup guide by Seth Robertson.
Server with web interface
Web interfaces for git are quite useful for easily showing code to other people. Additionally it is easy to collaborate together.
- Gitea is an open-source and selfhosted and can be dockerized.
- Github is the go to system for many people. Not selfhosted, owned by microsoft (cli-tool).
Server without graphical interface
If you don't need a bloated web-interface a more basic approach is more than enough.
- git-server-docker is a pretty basic docker-container for git.
Ignore files having local changes
If you need to make changes to a file that are local you can run
config update-index --skip-worktree <file>.
Following this the file won't show up as having changes from the upstream.
Note that files tagged with this command are checked out sparsly, so you need
to watch out for changes yourself if there are any.
To revert this run config update-index --no-skip-worktree <file>.