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125 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
125 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
# VPN
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A VPN is a virtual private network.
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It uses a secure connection between a computer and a network or two networks.
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It can be used to display another IP address but does not make tracking or
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fingerprinting of the device impossible.
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VPNs feature a server and a client side.
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## OpenVPN
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[OpenVPN](https://openvpn.net) is a free software to create a VPN via an
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encrypted TLS connection.
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### OVPN Set up
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In the following sections the different set ups of OpenVPN usages are described.
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#### OVPN Server
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The software can be set up via [Docker](/wiki/docker.md) with the
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[kylemanna image](./docker/kylemanna_-_openvpn.md).
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Additionally to this a client is needed on the system that need access to the
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server software.
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#### OVPN Client
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OpenVPN clients can be found for many devices.
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For Android for example there is
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[OpenVPN for Android in the F-Droid store](https://f-droid.org/de/packages/de.blinkt.openvpn/).
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For most linux distributions there is a package called `openvpn`.
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#### OVPN Proxy
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For OpenVPN a proxy acts as an imntermediary between the system communicating
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with the proxy and the OpenVPN server.
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A proxy can be set up via [Docker](/wiki/docker.md) with the
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[jonohill image](./docker/jonohill_-_docker-openvpn-proxy.md).
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## WireGuard
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[WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com/) is a free and open-source software that
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implements encrypted VPNs.
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It was designed to be especially fast and secure.
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This section including its subsections - especially the [usage](#usage-wg) is
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based on an extensive guide on WireGuard by
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[DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-wireguard-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-9-connecting-the-wireguard-peer-to-the-tunnel).
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### WG Setup
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In the following sections the different set ups of WireGuard usages are described.
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#### WG Server
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The software can be set up via [Docker](/wiki/docker.md) with the
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[linuxserver image](/wiki/docker/linuxserver_-_wireguard.md).
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Additionally to this a [client](#client-wg) is needed on the system that
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accesses the server.
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#### WG Client
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WireGuard clients can be found for many devices.
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For Android for example there is
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[Wireguard for Android in the F-Droid store](https://f-droid.org/de/packages/com.wireguard.android/).
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For most linux distributions there is a package called `wireguard-tools`.
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### WG Usage
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Wireguard clients connect to servers by using a `.conf` file.
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For mobile devices often times a QR-code can also be used.
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In Linux based operating systems the `.conf` can be placed at
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the path `/etc/wireguard/wg0.conf`.
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Afterwards wireguard can be started and stopped by running the following
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commands.
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```
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wg-quick up wg0
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wg-quick down wg0
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```
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When using multiple `.conf` files the number behind `wg` can be incremented.
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When starting and stopping wireguard with `wg-quick` the corresponding number
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should be used.
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Alternatively also other names not including `wg` can be used.
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The term `wg0` the incremented version of it has to be changed accordingly then.
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#### Setting Up Local DNS
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This section focusses on the usage of a [local DNS](/wiki/dns.md) like
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[bind9](/wiki/bind.md#configure-local-dns-server-with-forwarding).
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This can be especially useful for using
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[local domains](/wiki/bind.md#configure-local-domains).
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The following guide is based on a comments by the Reddit users
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[orthecreedence and rptb1](https://www.reddit.com/r/WireGuard/comments/cmhap6/use_both_wireguard_and_local_dns_servers/).
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To set up the usage of a local DNS the WireGuard configuration file needs to be
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changed.
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The following lines have to be appended under the `[Interface]` section and the
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DNS IP address (in this case `192.168.178.1`) has to be changed as needed.
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`wg0` is the name of the configuration file (see [the usage section](#wg-usage))
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for reference.
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```txt
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PostUp = resolvectl dns wg0 192.168.178.1
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PostDown = resolvconf -d %i -f
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```
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The `PostUp` line sets up the DNS while the `PostDown` line shuts it down after
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wireguard is closed.
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### WG Troubleshooting
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This section addresses various errors and ways how to troubleshoot them.
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#### Unknown Device Type / Protocol Not Supported
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Especially when running `wg-quick up wg0` this error can appear.
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The most probable source of this error is that the version of the package
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`linux` doesn't match with the version of the [wireguard package](#client-wg) or
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the system has been updated and the system wasn't restarted causing the same
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problem.
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To fix this `linux` can be reinstalled but a full update of the system is
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recommended.
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Because it changes the kernel the system needs to be restarted afterwards.
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