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linux: split package managers in multiple entries

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Marten B. Kante
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6
wiki/betterdiscord.md
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@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ betterdiscordctl self-upgrade
### Pacman Hook ### Pacman Hook
When using [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) and its package managers When using [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) and its package managers
[Pacman and Yay](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#arch-linux-pacman-and-yay) a hook can be set that [Pacman and Yay](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md) a hook can be set that
automatically updates the discord installation to setup betterdiscord using betterdiscordctl. automatically updates the discord installation to setup betterdiscord using betterdiscordctl.
The following is a [pacman hook](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#hooks) that can be used to update The following is a [pacman hook](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md#hooks) that can be
betterdiscord automatically. used to update betterdiscord automatically.
Make sure to change the three occurences of `<username>` to the name of the user to install Make sure to change the three occurences of `<username>` to the name of the user to install
betterdiscord for. betterdiscord for.

3
wiki/game/steam.md
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@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ The Steam software suite is available on [Linux](/wiki/linux.md) and [Windows](/
systems. systems.
For Linux-based operating systems there often exists a package named `steam`. For Linux-based operating systems there often exists a package named `steam`.
For [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) the For [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) the
[multilib repository](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#enabling-multilib) needs to be enabled. [multilib repository](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md#enabling-multilib) needs to be
enabled.
## Usage ## Usage

2
wiki/linux/7-zip.md
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ It places files or directories in an archive and is able to compress them.
7-zip can be installed by installing the packages `p7zip-full` and `p7zip-rar` on Ubuntu systems. 7-zip can be installed by installing the packages `p7zip-full` and `p7zip-rar` on Ubuntu systems.
On [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) it can be installed with the package `7-zip` On [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) it can be installed with the package `7-zip`
from the [AUR](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#arch-linux-pacman-and-yay). from the [AUR](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md).
## Usage ## Usage

6
wiki/linux/arch-linux.md
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@@ -3,17 +3,19 @@
[Arch Linux](https://archlinux.org/) is a rolling-release, general-purpose [Arch Linux](https://archlinux.org/) is a rolling-release, general-purpose
[Linux](/wiki/linux.md) [Linux](/wiki/linux.md)
distribution. distribution.
The package manager of Arch Linux is generally
[Pacman and various possible AUR ones](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md).
## Package Manager and AUR ## Package Manager and AUR
Arch Linux uses the Arch Linux uses the
[pacman](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#arch-linux-pacman-and-yay) package [pacman](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md) package
manager. manager.
An additional repository for user made software exists. An additional repository for user made software exists.
It is called Arch User Repository (AUR). It is called Arch User Repository (AUR).
The Arch User Repositories (AUR) features community-made packages that can be The Arch User Repositories (AUR) features community-made packages that can be
installed with different installed with different
[package manager for that purpose](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#arch-linux-pacman-and-yay). [package manager for that purpose](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md).
## Installation ## Installation

4
wiki/linux/arch-linux/installation.md
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@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
In [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) 32-bit software is managed via the `multilib` In [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) 32-bit software is managed via the `multilib`
repository, which is for example needed for the `steam` package. repository, which is for example needed for the `steam` package.
Due to it not being enabled by default, this has to be Due to it not being enabled by default, this has to be
[done manually](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#enabling-multilib). [done manually](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md#enabling-multilib).
For this navigate to `/etc/pacman.conf` and find and uncomment the following lines. For this navigate to `/etc/pacman.conf` and find and uncomment the following lines.
```txt ```txt
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ should be checked for further setups.
In some cases the Arch keyring needs to be repopulated. In some cases the Arch keyring needs to be repopulated.
This is discussed in This is discussed in
[the package manager entry](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#error-during-updating-is-marginal-trust). [the package manager entry](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md#error-during-updating-is-marginal-trust).
Additionally if you have a NVidia Graphics Cards you should read Additionally if you have a NVidia Graphics Cards you should read
[the NVidia article](../nvidia.md) too. [the NVidia article](../nvidia.md) too.

5
wiki/linux/debian.md
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@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
# Debian # Debian
[Debian](https://www.debian.org/) is a free and open-source [Linux](/wiki/linux.md) distribution. [Debian](https://www.debian.org/) is a free and open-source [Linux](/wiki/linux.md) distribution.
Debian uses the [APT](/wiki/linux/package_manager/apt.md) package manager.
## Usage ## Usage
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ apt-mark hold docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
The first step for a major upgrade usually is The first step for a major upgrade usually is
[retrieving the current version](#retrieve-debian-version). [retrieving the current version](#retrieve-debian-version).
Afterward the packages of the current major release version have to be Afterward the packages of the current major release version have to be
[upgrading](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#debian-updating-upgrading) using APTs `full-upgrade` [upgrading](/wiki/linux/package_manager/apt.md#updating-upgrading) using APTs `full-upgrade`
option. option.
Then a reboot is recommended. Then a reboot is recommended.
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free
``` ```
Following this a [full upgrade](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#debian-updating-upgrading) has to be Following this a [full upgrade](/wiki/linux/package_manager/apt.md#updating-upgrading) has to be
performed. performed.
Sometimes this process asks if the user wants to replace the local configuration files with newer Sometimes this process asks if the user wants to replace the local configuration files with newer
ones. ones.

2
wiki/linux/disk-management.md
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@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ There are various files that are unused but saved by default.
The following list shows some options to quickly clean up space. The following list shows some options to quickly clean up space.
- [System Trash](#clearing-system-trash-bin) - [System Trash](#clearing-system-trash-bin)
- [Arch Linux/Pacman/Yay Cache](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#clear-cache) - [Package Mangers](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md)
- [ViFM Trash Bin](/wiki/linux/vifm.md#empty-trash) - [ViFM Trash Bin](/wiki/linux/vifm.md#empty-trash)
## Error solving ## Error solving

4
wiki/linux/flatpak.md
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@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ linux systems.
## Setup ## Setup
The `flatpak` package can be installed by most distribution specific package The `flatpak` package can be installed by most distribution specific
managers (e.g. [pacman or yay](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#arch-linux-pacman-and-yay)). [package managers](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md)).
After installation it is important to add [flathub](https://flathub.org/home), After installation it is important to add [flathub](https://flathub.org/home),
a source for many Flatpak packages. a source for many Flatpak packages.
The addition of this can be done by running The addition of this can be done by running

366
wiki/linux/package_manager.md
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@@ -2,364 +2,10 @@
Package managers are important programs to get software onto your system. Package managers are important programs to get software onto your system.
## Debian & Debian-Based Systems: APT The following is a list of package managers and the corresponding [Linux](/wiki/linux.md)
distributions.
In [Debian](/wiki/linux/debian.md) the APT package manager is used. - [Debian](/wiki/linux/debian.md) and Debian-based distributions use the
It is also used for various Debian-based distributions. [APT](/wiki/linux/package_manager/apt.md) package manager
- [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) and Arch-based distributions use
### Debian: Usage [Pacman]() and various managers for the AUR.
This section addresses various usages of the APT package manager.
#### Debian: Updating & Upgrading
This section addresses the updating of all packages managed by APT.
To update the packages it is recommended to first update the package list with the following
command.
```sh
apt update
```
Afterwards there are two possible update types without changing the major release version.
The following command - `upgrade` - updates the packages only if no new or previously removed dependencies are
needed.
It is generally used for day-to-day updating without bigger jumps between versions.
```sh
apt upgrade
```
The other option is `full-upgrade` which was previously also known as `dist-upgrade`.
This command will also install, remove and replace dependencies if it is needed to update the
package.
It is mostly used for bigger updates like Kernel or release upgrade without changing the major
version.
```sh
apt full-upgrade
```
## Arch Linux: Pacman and Yay
In [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) there are 2 main types of
package managers.
The first is pacman, the default package manager.
For the second type there are many different managers to chose from.
Those managers are handling for the Arch User Repositories (AUR).
In this article yay is used as the go to AUR manager.
yay is also a wrapper for pacman so yay can be used instead of pacman to
install and update both AUR and main repository programs.
It features the same syntax.
### Usage
This section addresses various usages of the arch linux package managers.
#### Ignoring Packages
Packages can be ignored by adding the package in `/etc/pacman.conf` under `IgnorePkg`.
In the following example `waybar` is ignored from updates.
To add more packages just add them separated by spaces.
```txt
IgnorePkg = waybar
```
To unignore the package from updates remove it from this line.
#### Downgrading Packages
Packages of the AUR can be downgraded by using the
[Downgrade](https://github.com/archlinux-downgrade/downgrade) program.
This program can then easily be used to an AUR package.
This works like the following assuming the package `v4l2loopback-dmks` needs to be downgraded.
```sh
sudo downgrade v4l2loopback-dmks
```
Afterwards the target version can be selected and the downgrading process will conclude.
After the downgrade of a package you will get asked if you want to
[ignore future updates](#ignoring-packages).
#### Manual Installation of a `PKGBUILD` File
A `PKGBUILD` file is a [shell](/wiki/linux/shell.md) script that contains the installation
information that is required by the Arch Linux.
Using the `makepkg` command it can be installed like the following command shows.
```sh
makepkg -sirc
```
Afterwards it is installed on the system and can be further managed (especially uninstalled) by the
Pacman package manager.
#### Installing an AUR Program with a Specific Version
The installation of a specific version of an AUR program can be easily achieved.
For this navigate to the AUR page of the program to install.
On the right-hand side click on `View Changes` and select the version you want to install in the
commit list.
Next to `download` a `.tar.gz` file can be downloaded which includes a `PKGBUILD` file.
Afterwards it needs to be [uncompressed](/wiki/linux/tar.md#uncompressing-a-tar-archive).
#### Clear Cache
The cache of all packages except the one installed can be deleted by running the following command.
```sh
pacman -Sc
```
Alternatively the pacman cache can be deleted partly by running the following command which will
clear the cache of pacman except for the latest version.
The amount of versions to keep can be specified by changing the number in the following command
accordingly.
```sh
paccache -rvk1
```
And finally the following command will remove all cached files that belong to uninstalled packages.
Again the number can be changed to keep a specific number of versions.
```sh
paccache -rvuk0
```
Since `yay` mirrors the usage of `pacman` it can be used the same way and will clean both caches.
```sh
yay -Sc
```
Similar to `paccache` a command called [yaycache](https://github.com/aokellermann/yaycache) can be
used.
It follows the same options as `paccache`.
The clearing of the cache can be automated by using a [hook](#hook-clear-cache).
#### Enabling `multilib`
`multilib` is a repository that contains 32-bit software and libraries.
By default it is not enabled.
To enable it search and uncomment the following lines in the file `/etc/pacman.conf`.
```txt
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
```
#### Hooks
Hooks are commands that are run before or after installation of one or more packages.
They are needed to have the `.hook` extension and can be found inside two directories.
The first one is `/usr/share/libalpm/hooks/`.
The second one is defined in `HookDir` inside the file `/etc/pacman.conf`.
By default it points towards `/etc/pacman.d/hooks`.
Examples of hooks can be found in the following sections.
##### Hook: List Orphans
The following hook will display orphans after any package is update.
It was found in a
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
which references a
[gist by Strykar](https://gist.github.com/Strykar/3b3cd5bbdabe7e5c77f9414b2b4fe7e8).
```txt
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Operation = Remove
Type = Package
Target = *
[Action]
Description = Searching for orphaned packages...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/pacman -Qtd || /usr/bin/echo '==> no orphans found.'"
```
##### Hook: Clear Cache
The following hook will [clear the pacman cache](#clear-cache) except for the last version of a package.
It was found in a
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
which references an
[AUR comment by itaranto](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacman-cleanup-hook).
```txt
[Trigger]
Type = Package
Operation = Remove
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Target = *
[Action]
Description = Removing unnecessary cached files (keeping the latest one)...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/paccache -rvk1 && paccache -ruvk0
```
##### Hook: Informant
The following hook will use [informant](https://github.com/bradford-smith94/informant) to check for
Arch News that may require manual intervention and not allow the update if there are news unread.
It was found in a
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
which references the
[informant Github](https://github.com/bradford-smith94/informant/blob/master/informant.hook).
```txt
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = *
Target = !informant
[Action]
Description = Checking Arch News with Informant...
When = PreTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/informant check
Depends = informant
AbortOnFail
```
##### Hook: Update Package Mirrorlist
The following hook will use [reflector](https://xyne.dev/projects/reflector/) to update the pacman
mirrorlist.
It will use german mirrors (`-c de`), will list the fastest 15 mirrors (`-n 15`) and only do so if
the mirror was online in the last 24 hours (`-a 24`).
It was found in a
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
which references the
[pacman-hooks Github](https://github.com/desbma/pacman-hooks/blob/master/reflector/reflector.hook).
```txt
[Trigger]
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = pacman-mirrorlist
[Action]
Description = Updating pacman-mirrorlist with reflector...
When = PostTransaction
Depends = reflector
Exec = /bin/bash -c 'reflector -c de -n 15 -a 24 > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist ; test -f /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.pacnew && mv -v /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.{pacnew,orig} || true'
```
##### Hook: Kernel Reboot Needed
The following hook will use determine if a reboot is needed because the kernel was updated.
It was found in a
[reddit commend by progandy](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/comment/f6sogat).
```txt
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Operation = Remove
Type = File
Target = usr/lib/modules/*
[Action]
Description = Check for upgrade of running kernel...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /bin/bash -c "[[ -f \"/proc/modules\" && ! -d \"/usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)\" ]] && printf '==> WARNING: %s\n -> %s\n' 'Running kernel has been updated or removed!' 'A reboot is required!' || true"
```
### Troubleshooting
This section will focus on errors and the fixing of errors of package managers.
#### `/usr/lib/firmware/nvidia/ad104` exists in filesystem linux-firmware-nvidia
This error comes from a decision to split the firmware modules into different parts.
An easy way to fix it is by simply reinstalling the `linux-firmware` package and updating the
packages of the system.
```sh
pacman -Syu linux-firmware
```
#### Update Mirrorlist
After a while not updating the system it is possible for the mirrorlist to be
outdated.
This can be fixed by updating it with the following command:
```sh
curl -o /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/all/
```
#### Error While Importing Keys
Both `yay` and `pacman` use [GPG keys](/wiki/linux/gpg.md).
It is possible that it runs into errors when importing new keys.
If this happens you should try to restart the GPG key server
[as explained in the GPG entry](/wiki/linux/gpg.md#restart-the-gpg-server).
#### Unknown Public Key
If the error `ERROR: One or more PGP signatures could not be verified!`, you
have to manually receive the key and trust it.
This can be done [as explained in the GPG entry](/wiki/linux/gpg.md#receive-a-key-and-trust-it).
The identifier of the key usually gets gets printed in the line above the error looking like
`FAILED (unknown public key <KEYID>)`.
#### Error During Updating `is marginal trust`
If the error `[...] Key [...] is marginal trust` (also `of unknown trust`) occurs while updating
the system, it can be fixed by running the following commands and then restarting
the update process of the package manager.
```sh
pacman -Sy archlinux-keyring
pacman-key --populate archlinux
pacman-key --refresh-keys
```
#### Error During Updating `the following untracked working tree files would be overwritten`
The error `the following untracked working tree files would be overwritten` can happen when the
cache features a changed version of the files used by yay to update the package.
This can easily be fixed by removing the cache of the corresponding package.
#### Python `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named...`
This section is based on a
[StackOverflow post by Helen](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55923868/how-to-fix-modulenotfounderror-no-module-named-setuptools).
In this case the error stems from a missing package.
Normally it can easily be fixed by installing that corresponding package.
But please note that [pyenv](/wiki/programming_language/golang.md#setup) can hide packages if the
global Python version is set to something other than `system`.
This is especially the case on [Arch Linux-systems](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) because Python
packages are also installed via [Pacman or Yay](#arch-linux-pacman-and-yay).
In this case the global Version has to be changed to `system` or the package installed to the
non-system Python version.
#### Error `exists in filesystem`
This section is based on a
[reddit post by 194668PT](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/17jempk/pacman_exists_in_filesystem_errors/).
If an error shows up that describes that a file of a package `exists in filesystem` usually a
permission/owner error happened.
This can happen when running `pacman -Syyu`.
To update the package either way the following command can be used.
`<package name>` should be exchanged for the package that throws the error.
```sh
sudo pacman -S --overwrite "*" <package name>
```

38
wiki/linux/package_manager/apt.md Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
# APT
In [Debian](/wiki/linux/debian.md) the APT package manager is used.
It is also used for various Debian-based distributions.
## Usage
This section addresses various usages of the APT package manager.
### Updating & Upgrading
This section addresses the updating of all packages managed by APT.
To update the packages it is recommended to first update the package list with the following
command.
```sh
apt update
```
Afterwards there are two possible update types without changing the major release version.
The following command - `upgrade` - updates the packages only if no new or previously removed dependencies are
needed.
It is generally used for day-to-day updating without bigger jumps between versions.
```sh
apt upgrade
```
The other option is `full-upgrade` which was previously also known as `dist-upgrade`.
This command will also install, remove and replace dependencies if it is needed to update the
package.
It is mostly used for bigger updates like Kernel or release upgrade without changing the major
version.
```sh
apt full-upgrade
```

323
wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
# Pacman and AUR
In [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) there are 2 main types of
package managers.
The first is pacman, the default package manager.
For the second type there are many different managers to chose from.
Those managers are handling for the Arch User Repositories (AUR).
In this article yay is used as the go to AUR manager.
yay is also a wrapper for pacman so yay can be used instead of pacman to
install and update both AUR and main repository programs.
It features the same syntax.
## Usage
This section addresses various usages of the arch linux package managers.
### Ignoring Packages
Packages can be ignored by adding the package in `/etc/pacman.conf` under `IgnorePkg`.
In the following example `waybar` is ignored from updates.
To add more packages just add them separated by spaces.
```txt
IgnorePkg = waybar
```
To unignore the package from updates remove it from this line.
### Downgrading Packages
Packages of the AUR can be downgraded by using the
[Downgrade](https://github.com/archlinux-downgrade/downgrade) program.
This program can then easily be used to an AUR package.
This works like the following assuming the package `v4l2loopback-dmks` needs to be downgraded.
```sh
sudo downgrade v4l2loopback-dmks
```
Afterwards the target version can be selected and the downgrading process will conclude.
After the downgrade of a package you will get asked if you want to
[ignore future updates](#ignoring-packages).
### Manual Installation of a `PKGBUILD` File
A `PKGBUILD` file is a [shell](/wiki/linux/shell.md) script that contains the installation
information that is required by the Arch Linux.
Using the `makepkg` command it can be installed like the following command shows.
```sh
makepkg -sirc
```
Afterwards it is installed on the system and can be further managed (especially uninstalled) by the
Pacman package manager.
### Installing an AUR Program with a Specific Version
The installation of a specific version of an AUR program can be easily achieved.
For this navigate to the AUR page of the program to install.
On the right-hand side click on `View Changes` and select the version you want to install in the
commit list.
Next to `download` a `.tar.gz` file can be downloaded which includes a `PKGBUILD` file.
Afterwards it needs to be [uncompressed](/wiki/linux/tar.md#uncompressing-a-tar-archive).
### Clear Cache
The cache of all packages except the one installed can be deleted by running the following command.
```sh
pacman -Sc
```
Alternatively the pacman cache can be deleted partly by running the following command which will
clear the cache of pacman except for the latest version.
The amount of versions to keep can be specified by changing the number in the following command
accordingly.
```sh
paccache -rvk1
```
And finally the following command will remove all cached files that belong to uninstalled packages.
Again the number can be changed to keep a specific number of versions.
```sh
paccache -rvuk0
```
Since `yay` mirrors the usage of `pacman` it can be used the same way and will clean both caches.
```sh
yay -Sc
```
Similar to `paccache` a command called [yaycache](https://github.com/aokellermann/yaycache) can be
used.
It follows the same options as `paccache`.
The clearing of the cache can be automated by using a [hook](#hook-clear-cache).
### Enabling `multilib`
`multilib` is a repository that contains 32-bit software and libraries.
By default it is not enabled.
To enable it search and uncomment the following lines in the file `/etc/pacman.conf`.
```txt
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
```
### Hooks
Hooks are commands that are run before or after installation of one or more packages.
They are needed to have the `.hook` extension and can be found inside two directories.
The first one is `/usr/share/libalpm/hooks/`.
The second one is defined in `HookDir` inside the file `/etc/pacman.conf`.
By default it points towards `/etc/pacman.d/hooks`.
Examples of hooks can be found in the following sections.
#### Hook: List Orphans
The following hook will display orphans after any package is update.
It was found in a
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
which references a
[gist by Strykar](https://gist.github.com/Strykar/3b3cd5bbdabe7e5c77f9414b2b4fe7e8).
```txt
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Operation = Remove
Type = Package
Target = *
[Action]
Description = Searching for orphaned packages...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/pacman -Qtd || /usr/bin/echo '==> no orphans found.'"
```
#### Hook: Clear Cache
The following hook will [clear the pacman cache](#clear-cache) except for the last version of a package.
It was found in a
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
which references an
[AUR comment by itaranto](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacman-cleanup-hook).
```txt
[Trigger]
Type = Package
Operation = Remove
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Target = *
[Action]
Description = Removing unnecessary cached files (keeping the latest one)...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/paccache -rvk1 && paccache -ruvk0
```
#### Hook: Informant
The following hook will use [informant](https://github.com/bradford-smith94/informant) to check for
Arch News that may require manual intervention and not allow the update if there are news unread.
It was found in a
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
which references the
[informant Github](https://github.com/bradford-smith94/informant/blob/master/informant.hook).
```txt
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = *
Target = !informant
[Action]
Description = Checking Arch News with Informant...
When = PreTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/informant check
Depends = informant
AbortOnFail
```
#### Hook: Update Package Mirrorlist
The following hook will use [reflector](https://xyne.dev/projects/reflector/) to update the pacman
mirrorlist.
It will use german mirrors (`-c de`), will list the fastest 15 mirrors (`-n 15`) and only do so if
the mirror was online in the last 24 hours (`-a 24`).
It was found in a
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
which references the
[pacman-hooks Github](https://github.com/desbma/pacman-hooks/blob/master/reflector/reflector.hook).
```txt
[Trigger]
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = pacman-mirrorlist
[Action]
Description = Updating pacman-mirrorlist with reflector...
When = PostTransaction
Depends = reflector
Exec = /bin/bash -c 'reflector -c de -n 15 -a 24 > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist ; test -f /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.pacnew && mv -v /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.{pacnew,orig} || true'
```
#### Hook: Kernel Reboot Needed
The following hook will use determine if a reboot is needed because the kernel was updated.
It was found in a
[reddit commend by progandy](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/comment/f6sogat).
```txt
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Operation = Remove
Type = File
Target = usr/lib/modules/*
[Action]
Description = Check for upgrade of running kernel...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /bin/bash -c "[[ -f \"/proc/modules\" && ! -d \"/usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)\" ]] && printf '==> WARNING: %s\n -> %s\n' 'Running kernel has been updated or removed!' 'A reboot is required!' || true"
```
## Troubleshooting
This section will focus on errors and the fixing of errors of package managers.
### `/usr/lib/firmware/nvidia/ad104` exists in filesystem linux-firmware-nvidia
This error comes from a decision to split the firmware modules into different parts.
An easy way to fix it is by simply reinstalling the `linux-firmware` package and updating the
packages of the system.
```sh
pacman -Syu linux-firmware
```
### Update Mirrorlist
After a while not updating the system it is possible for the mirrorlist to be
outdated.
This can be fixed by updating it with the following command:
```sh
curl -o /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/all/
```
### Error While Importing Keys
Both `yay` and `pacman` use [GPG keys](/wiki/linux/gpg.md).
It is possible that it runs into errors when importing new keys.
If this happens you should try to restart the GPG key server
[as explained in the GPG entry](/wiki/linux/gpg.md#restart-the-gpg-server).
### Unknown Public Key
If the error `ERROR: One or more PGP signatures could not be verified!`, you
have to manually receive the key and trust it.
This can be done [as explained in the GPG entry](/wiki/linux/gpg.md#receive-a-key-and-trust-it).
The identifier of the key usually gets gets printed in the line above the error looking like
`FAILED (unknown public key <KEYID>)`.
### Error During Updating `is marginal trust`
If the error `[...] Key [...] is marginal trust` (also `of unknown trust`) occurs while updating
the system, it can be fixed by running the following commands and then restarting
the update process of the package manager.
```sh
pacman -Sy archlinux-keyring
pacman-key --populate archlinux
pacman-key --refresh-keys
```
### Error During Updating `the following untracked working tree files would be overwritten`
The error `the following untracked working tree files would be overwritten` can happen when the
cache features a changed version of the files used by yay to update the package.
This can easily be fixed by removing the cache of the corresponding package.
### Python `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named...`
This section is based on a
[StackOverflow post by Helen](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55923868/how-to-fix-modulenotfounderror-no-module-named-setuptools).
In this case the error stems from a missing package.
Normally it can easily be fixed by installing that corresponding package.
But please note that [pyenv](/wiki/programming_language/golang.md#setup) can hide packages if the
global Python version is set to something other than `system`.
This is especially the case on [Arch Linux-systems](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) because Python
packages are also installed via [Pacman or Yay](#arch-linux-pacman-and-yay).
In this case the global Version has to be changed to `system` or the package installed to the
non-system Python version.
### Error `exists in filesystem`
This section is based on a
[reddit post by 194668PT](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/17jempk/pacman_exists_in_filesystem_errors/).
If an error shows up that describes that a file of a package `exists in filesystem` usually a
permission/owner error happened.
This can happen when running `pacman -Syyu`.
To update the package either way the following command can be used.
`<package name>` should be exchanged for the package that throws the error.
```sh
sudo pacman -S --overwrite "*" <package name>
```

3
wiki/linux/qt.md
View File

@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ This is also described in the
A simple way to achieve this in Qt is the installation of A simple way to achieve this in Qt is the installation of
[adwaita-qt6](https://github.com/FedoraQt/adwaita-qt) which is also available as an [adwaita-qt6](https://github.com/FedoraQt/adwaita-qt) which is also available as an
[AUR](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#installing-an-aur-program-with-a-specific-version) package. [AUR](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md#installing-an-aur-program-with-a-specific-version)
package.
After the installation it can be selected by `qt6ct` as described in the After the installation it can be selected by `qt6ct` as described in the
[configuration section](#configuration). [configuration section](#configuration).

4
wiki/linux/v4l2.md
View File

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ This section is based on an
To fix it downgrade the packages `v4l2loopback-dkms` and `v4l2loopback-utils` to the last working To fix it downgrade the packages `v4l2loopback-dkms` and `v4l2loopback-utils` to the last working
version. version.
For [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) this can be achieved by using For [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) this can be achieved by using
[Downgrade](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#downgrading-packages). [Downgrade](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md#downgrading-packages).
### `Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel` ### `Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel`
@@ -100,4 +100,4 @@ When updating the `v4l2loopback` package this error can occur after the creation
[initramfs](/wiki/linux/mkinitcpio.md). [initramfs](/wiki/linux/mkinitcpio.md).
This may point to an incompatibility of the package and kernel version which can only but easily This may point to an incompatibility of the package and kernel version which can only but easily
and temporarily be fixed by downgrading the package as described in and temporarily be fixed by downgrading the package as described in
[the corresponding package manager section](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#downgrading-packages). [the corresponding package manager entry](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md#downgrading-packages).

4
wiki/linux/vifm.md
View File

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ project is now unmaintained.
An alternative to using this project is An alternative to using this project is
[Überzug++](https://github.com/jstkdng/ueberzugpp) that can be used as a drop-in [Überzug++](https://github.com/jstkdng/ueberzugpp) that can be used as a drop-in
alternative. alternative.
It can be installed by the On [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) it can be installed by the
[Arch User Repository package `ueberzugpp`](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md#arch-linux-pacman-and-yay). [Arch User Repository](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md) package `ueberzugpp`.
After that you need to add 2 files to your path which can be found on After that you need to add 2 files to your path which can be found on
[thimc' Repository](https://github.com/thimc/vifmimg): [thimc' Repository](https://github.com/thimc/vifmimg):