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OpenSSL

OpenSSL is a software library for secure communication over computer networks.

Usage

Creating a key pair

As described by dreikanter you can create and save a pretty secure private key to private.key with openssl genrsa -aes256 -out private.key 8912. After that run openssl rsa -in private.key -pubout -out public.key to save the according public key to public.key.

Encrypting and decrypting files

Dreikanter describes to encrypt larger files with symmetric encryption and encrypt the key of that using asymmetric encryption. If however the file is small enough to be encrypted with the public key public.key directly run openssl rsautl -encrypt -pubin -inkey public.key -in plaintext.txt -out encrypted.txt where plaintext.txt is the message to encrypt and encrypted.txt is the encrypted message. You can decrypt the message using the private key private.key as follows openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey private.key -in encrypted.txt -out plaintext.txt.