mirror of
https://github.com/tiyn/wiki.git
synced 2026-04-15 16:54:48 +02:00
Structure: Fixed typos and sentences
This commit is contained in:
@@ -1,35 +1,30 @@
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# Arch Linux
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# Arch Linux
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[Arch Linux](https://archlinux.org/) is a rolling-release, general-purpose
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[Arch Linux](https://archlinux.org/) is a rolling-release, general-purpose [Linux](/wiki/linux.md)
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[Linux](/wiki/linux.md)
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distribution.
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distribution.
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The package manager of Arch Linux is generally
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The package manager of Arch Linux is generally
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[Pacman and various possible AUR ones](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md).
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[Pacman and various possible AUR ones](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md).
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## Package Manager and AUR
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## Package Manager and AUR
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Arch Linux uses the
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Arch Linux uses the [pacman](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md) package manager.
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[pacman](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md) package
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manager.
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An additional repository for user made software exists.
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An additional repository for user made software exists.
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It is called Arch User Repository (AUR).
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It is called Arch User Repository (AUR).
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The Arch User Repositories (AUR) features community-made packages that can be
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The Arch User Repositories (AUR) features community-made packages that can be installed with
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installed with different
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different [package manager for that purpose](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md).
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[package manager for that purpose](/wiki/linux/package_manager/pacman_and_aur.md).
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## Installation
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## Installation
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The installation of a basic Arch Linux system is described in the
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The installation of a basic Arch Linux system is described in the
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[installation entry](/wiki/linux/arch-linux/installation.md).
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[installation entry](/wiki/linux/arch-linux/installation.md).
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The entry features a guide to install a system with a X server setup aswell as
|
The entry features a guide to install a system with a X server setup as well as programs for the
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programs for the most used tasks on a system.
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most used tasks on a system.
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### Create Installation Medium
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### Create Installation Medium
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For the installation usage of a simple USB key is advised.
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For the installation usage of a simple USB key is advised.
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This has to be flashed with the Arch ISO.
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This has to be flashed with the Arch ISO.
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The ISO file can be found on the
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The ISO file can be found on the [official website](https://www.archlinux.org/download/).
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[official website](https://www.archlinux.org/download/).
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The iso can be written on an USB-stick using the command
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The iso can be written on an USB-stick using the command
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`dd bs=4M if=<path to ISO> of=/dev/sdx conv=fsync oflag=direct status=progress`.
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`dd bs=4M if=<path to ISO> of=/dev/sdx conv=fsync oflag=direct status=progress`.
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`<path to ISO>` points the command to the location of the ISO file.
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`<path to ISO>` points the command to the location of the ISO file.
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@@ -39,21 +34,21 @@ Alternatively a [Ventoy stick can be created](/wiki/ventoy.md) which can contain
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|
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## Usage
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## Usage
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The following section describes various ways to use and improve the usage of
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The following section describes various ways to use and improve the usage of the Arch Linux
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the Arch Linux operating system.
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operating system.
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### Recommended Practices
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### Recommended Practices
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|
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The following articles describe steps to undertake to harden the system security
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The following articles describe steps to undertake to harden the system security or setups and
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or setups and installation that are recommended for Arch Linux.
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installation that are recommended for Arch Linux.
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#### Enable Microcode Updates
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#### Enable Microcode Updates
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The microcode of Intel and AMD CPUs can be automatically updated by installing
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The microcode of Intel and AMD CPUs can be automatically updated by installing the `amd-ucode` or
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the `amd-ucode` or `intel-ucode` package depending on your CPU.
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`intel-ucode` package depending on your CPU.
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Not all processors are supported, especially old ones can lead to problems.
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Not all processors are supported, especially old ones can lead to problems.
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It has to be confirmed that the processor is supported, if this is not the case
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It has to be confirmed that the processor is supported, if this is not the case is possible for
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is possible for the next steps to break the functionality of the bootloader.
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the next steps to break the functionality of the bootloader.
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The following part assumes the system is installed with
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The following part assumes the system is installed with
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[UEFI bootloader](/wiki/linux/arch-linux/installation.md#10-install-and-configure-uefi-bootloader)
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[UEFI bootloader](/wiki/linux/arch-linux/installation.md#10-install-and-configure-uefi-bootloader)
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@@ -87,8 +82,8 @@ On some systems there are home or boot file system that have to be mounted on `/
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`/mnt/home` after mounting the root file system.
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`/mnt/home` after mounting the root file system.
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Afterward, use `arch-chroot /mnt` to get into the not bootable system.
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Afterward, use `arch-chroot /mnt` to get into the not bootable system.
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Now the command line of the system can be accessed for troubleshooting.
|
Now the command line of the system can be accessed for troubleshooting.
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After troubleshooting `exit` the system and [unmount](/wiki/linux/disk-management.md#mounting) all previously
|
After troubleshooting `exit` the system and [unmount](/wiki/linux/disk-management.md#mounting) all
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mounted file systems and try to boot back into the system.
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previously mounted file systems and try to boot back into the system.
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|
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If the system broke during an update then the easiest way to fix it, is by running the same update
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If the system broke during an update then the easiest way to fix it, is by running the same update
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command again.
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command again.
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@@ -112,11 +107,11 @@ To fix this generate the initial ramdisk manually as described in
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There is a known problem described in the Arch Linux forums by
|
There is a known problem described in the Arch Linux forums by
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[TheRealNubby](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=300292) where the system goes into a
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[TheRealNubby](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=300292) where the system goes into a
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perceived freeze after the boot process.
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perceived freeze after the boot process.
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This problem seems to be most prevalent on systems that use an [Nvidia](/wiki/nvidia.md) GPU
|
This problem seems to be most prevalent on systems that use an [Nvidia](/wiki/nvidia.md) GPU since
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since its only known occurences were found on Nvidia GTX 1080 GPUs.
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its only known occurences were found on Nvidia GTX 1080 GPUs.
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The boot screen will not show any errors and when
|
The boot screen will not show any errors and when
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[troubleshooting using a installation medium](#troubleshooting-setup-for-not-bootable-systems)
|
[troubleshooting using a installation medium](#troubleshooting-setup-for-not-bootable-systems)
|
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logs like [the ones of SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#retrieving-the-systemd-logs) will look
|
logs like [the ones of systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#retrieving-the-systemd-logs) will look
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normal and won't show any errors.
|
normal and won't show any errors.
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In this case there is the possibility that logging into Arch Linux blindly will work.
|
In this case there is the possibility that logging into Arch Linux blindly will work.
|
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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# Arch installation with LUKS encryption and LVM
|
# Arch installation with LUKS encryption and LVM
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||||||
|
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||||||
This guide is based upon a
|
This guide is based upon a
|
||||||
[german arch wiki article](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Installation_mit_UEFI_und_Verschl%C3%BCsselung).
|
[German arch wiki article](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Installation_mit_UEFI_und_Verschl%C3%BCsselung).
|
||||||
For encryption [dm-crypt](/wiki/linux/dm-crypt.md) is used.
|
For encryption [dm-crypt](/wiki/linux/dm-crypt.md) is used.
|
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Inside the encrypted partition a logical volume will be created with
|
Inside the encrypted partition a logical volume will be created with
|
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[LVM](/wiki/linux/lvm.md).
|
[LVM](/wiki/linux/lvm.md).
|
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@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ Ahead of the installation an Arch boot-stick has to be created as described in
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After that the USB can be plugged in the system on which Arch should be installed.
|
After that the USB can be plugged in the system on which Arch should be installed.
|
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Boot the target system and select `Boot Arch Linux (x86_64)`.
|
Boot the target system and select `Boot Arch Linux (x86_64)`.
|
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|
|
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If you need to set the keyboard layout to anything other than english you can
|
If you need to set the keyboard layout to anything other than English you can
|
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temporarily do so by using the `loadkeys` command.
|
temporarily do so by using the `loadkeys` command.
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This has to be followed by your country id (for example a german keyboard layout
|
This has to be followed by your country id (for example a German keyboard layout
|
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would be `de`,`de-latin1` or `de-latin1-nodeadkeys`).
|
would be `de`,`de-latin1` or `de-latin1-nodeadkeys`).
|
||||||
|
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||||||
## 2. Formatting of the target drive
|
## 2. Formatting of the target drive
|
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@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Exit `iwctl`.
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## 7. Set Region and Language
|
## 7. Set Region and Language
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- `echo LANG=en\_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Assign system Language to be
|
- `echo LANG=en\_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Assign system Language to be
|
||||||
english (you can use other languages, look into the `/etc/locale.gen` for a list of all available languages)
|
English (you can use other languages, look into the `/etc/locale.gen` for a list of all available languages)
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||||||
- `vim /etc/locale.gen` - Assigning system language by uncomment the lines
|
- `vim /etc/locale.gen` - Assigning system language by uncomment the lines
|
||||||
depending on your needs.
|
depending on your needs.
|
||||||
In this example:
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In this example:
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@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
|
|||||||
- `ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime` - set your timezone
|
- `ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime` - set your timezone
|
||||||
(select the first file accordingly to your location)
|
(select the first file accordingly to your location)
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- `ntpdate -q 0.de.pool.ntp.org` - sync the time and date with
|
- `ntpdate -q 0.de.pool.ntp.org` - sync the time and date with
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[NTP](/wiki/linux/ntp.md) (note that a german time server is used and
|
[NTP](/wiki/linux/ntp.md) (note that a German time server is used and
|
||||||
depending on the needs a adjustments should be made)
|
depending on the needs a adjustments should be made)
|
||||||
|
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||||||
## 8. Configure and create kernel-image
|
## 8. Configure and create kernel-image
|
||||||
@@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ partition, take a look at the according section in
|
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[the dm-crypt article](/wiki/linux/dm-crypt.md).
|
[the dm-crypt article](/wiki/linux/dm-crypt.md).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
After installing [xorg windows system](/wiki/linux/x_window_system.md) the language of it will be
|
After installing [xorg windows system](/wiki/linux/x_window_system.md) the language of it will be
|
||||||
english by default.
|
English by default.
|
||||||
To change it - in this example to german - run the following command.
|
To change it - in this example to German - run the following command.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
localectl --no-convert set-x11-keymap de pc105 deadgraveacute
|
localectl --no-convert set-x11-keymap de pc105 deadgraveacute
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ easyeffects --gapplication-service
|
|||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The two former commands will only work if called on each startup.
|
The two former commands will only work if called on each startup.
|
||||||
The easiest way to do this is by using [SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md).
|
The easiest way to do this is by using [systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md).
|
||||||
The following will work analogously to the path explained in
|
The following will work analogously to the path explained in
|
||||||
[the corresponding section of the SystemD entry](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#run-command-on-boot).
|
[the corresponding section of the systemd entry](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#run-command-on-boot).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Run the following command to edit the configuration file for the newly created EasyEffect service.
|
Run the following command to edit the configuration file for the newly created EasyEffect service.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ By default, EasyEffects processes all input and output streams.
|
|||||||
This includes [loopback devices](/wiki/linux/pipewire.md#virtual-devices) with which it may lead to
|
This includes [loopback devices](/wiki/linux/pipewire.md#virtual-devices) with which it may lead to
|
||||||
some problems - for example
|
some problems - for example
|
||||||
[problems with virtual devices](/wiki/linux/pipewire.md#problems-with-input-an-output-of-loopback-devices).
|
[problems with virtual devices](/wiki/linux/pipewire.md#problems-with-input-an-output-of-loopback-devices).
|
||||||
It can be disabled and re-enabled in the `Preferences` under `Audio` by deselecting or selecting the
|
It can be disabled and re-enabled in the `Preferences` under `Audio` by deselecting or selecting
|
||||||
switches for `Process all output streams` and `Process all input streams`.
|
the switches for `Process all output streams` and `Process all input streams`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Recommended Presets
|
#### Recommended Presets
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -97,4 +97,4 @@ The following is a list of presets that have been tested and only need slight co
|
|||||||
adjust them to the specific system.
|
adjust them to the specific system.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [tiyns voice input preset](https://github.com/tiyn/dotfiles/blob/master/.config/easyeffects/input/voice.json)
|
- [tiyns voice input preset](https://github.com/tiyn/dotfiles/blob/master/.config/easyeffects/input/voice.json)
|
||||||
is a list of different effects to achieve an enhanced quality of microphone sound for speach.
|
is a list of different effects to achieve an enhanced quality of microphone sound for speech.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ The init process is given to a init system that manages various services.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
The following is a list of available init services.
|
The following is a list of available init services.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) is most common among linux systems.
|
- [systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) is most common among linux systems.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,26 +6,26 @@ It is available for both [X](/wiki/linux/x_window_system.md) and Wayland.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## Setup
|
## Setup
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
On most linux distributions LightDM can be installed with the `lemurs` package.
|
On most [Linux](/wiki/linux.md) distributions LightDM can be installed with the `lemurs` package.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This setup needs an `xsession`.
|
This setup needs a `xsession`.
|
||||||
An alternative to this is using `xinitrc` as an `xsession`.
|
An alternative to this is using `xinitrc` as a `xsession`.
|
||||||
The process of this is desribed in the
|
The process of this is described in the
|
||||||
[display manager entry](/wiki/linux/display_managers.md#use-xinitrc-as-xsession).
|
[display manager entry](/wiki/linux/display_managers.md#use-xinitrc-as-xsession).
|
||||||
Make sure to have a working `xsession` or `xinitrc`.
|
Make sure to have a working `xsession` or `xinitrc`.
|
||||||
If you are not sure about it, use the tests provided in the penultimate step.
|
If you are not sure about it, use the tests provided in the penultimate step.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Before finishing the setup the functionality should be tested.
|
Before finishing the setup the functionality should be tested.
|
||||||
This can be done by using one or both of the following commands.
|
This can be done by using one or both of the following commands.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
systemctl start lemurs.service
|
systemctl start lemurs.service
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally, the [SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) lightdm service needs to be enabled and reboot the
|
Finally, the [systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) `lightdm` service needs to be enabled and reboot the
|
||||||
system.
|
system.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
systemctl enable lemurs.service`
|
systemctl enable lemurs.service`
|
||||||
reboot
|
reboot
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -2,45 +2,62 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
[LightDM](https://github.com/canonical/lightdm/) is a lightweight GUI
|
[LightDM](https://github.com/canonical/lightdm/) is a lightweight GUI
|
||||||
[display manager](/wiki/linux/display_managers.md).
|
[display manager](/wiki/linux/display_managers.md).
|
||||||
It is available for both [X](/wiki/linux/x_window_system.md) and Wayland.
|
It is available for both [X](/wiki/linux/x_window_system.md) and [Wayland](/wiki/linux/wayland.md).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Setup
|
## Setup
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
On most linux distributions LightDM can be installed with the `lightdm` package.
|
On most [Linux](/wiki/linux.md) distributions LightDM can be installed with the `lightdm` package.
|
||||||
Additionally, `lightdm-gtk-greeter` and `xorg-server-xephyr` are recommended.
|
Additionally, `lightdm-gtk-greeter` and `xorg-server-xephyr` are recommended.
|
||||||
This setup will work with [LightDM-GTK-Greeter](#lightdm-gtk-greeter) which is the default greeter.
|
This setup will work with [LightDM-GTK-Greeter](#lightdm-gtk-greeter) which is the default greeter.
|
||||||
If another greeter is to be chosen `lightdm-gtk-greeter` does not have to be installed, but an
|
If another greeter is to be chosen `lightdm-gtk-greeter` does not have to be installed, but an
|
||||||
alternative for it.
|
alternative for it.
|
||||||
For a guide on how to set the greeter navigate to the [greeter section](#greeters).
|
For a guide on how to set the greeter navigate to the [greeter section](#greeters).
|
||||||
This section will also discuss various other greeters like the
|
This section will also discuss various other greeters like the
|
||||||
[LightDM-Mini-Greeter](#lightdm-mini-greeter).
|
[LightDM-Mini-Greeter](#lightdm-mini-greeter).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This setup needs an `xsession`.
|
A system with [the X window system](/wiki/linux/x_window_system.md) setup needs a `xsession`.
|
||||||
An alternative to this is using `xinitrc` as an `xsession`.
|
An alternative to this is using `xinitrc` as a `xsession`.
|
||||||
The process of this is desribed in the
|
The process of this is described in the
|
||||||
[display manager entry](/wiki/linux/display_managers.md#use-xinitrc-as-xsession).
|
[display manager entry](/wiki/linux/display_managers.md#use-xinitrc-as-xsession).
|
||||||
Make sure to have a working `xsession` or `xinitrc`.
|
Make sure to have a working `xsession` or `xinitrc`.
|
||||||
If you are not sure about it, use the tests provided in the penultimate step.
|
If you are not sure about it, use the tests provided in the penultimate step.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then edit the config file `~/.dmrc` and edit the file to the following contents.
|
Then edit the config file `~/.dmrc` and edit the file to the following contents.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```txt
|
```txt
|
||||||
[Desktop]
|
[Desktop]
|
||||||
Session=xinitrc
|
Session=default
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Before finishing the setup the functionality should be tested.
|
Then create a symbolic link for a default session.
|
||||||
This can be done by using one or both of the following commands.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
|
ln -s /usr/share/xsessions/xinitrc.desktop /usr/share/xsessions/default.desktop
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For a [Wayland](/wiki/linux/wayland.md) do the same for your compositor and replace `<session>`
|
||||||
|
with it.
|
||||||
|
For example in case the system is set up with [the DWL compositor](/wiki/linux/suckless.md)
|
||||||
|
`<session>` has to be removed with `dwl.desktop` and for Sway it will be `sway.desktop`.
|
||||||
|
Check which session is created by your compositor.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```sh
|
||||||
|
ln -s /usr/share/wayland-sessions/<session> /usr/share/wayland-sessions/default.desktop
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Before finishing the setup the functionality should be tested.
|
||||||
|
This can be done by using one or both of the following commands.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```sh
|
||||||
lightdm --test-mode --debug
|
lightdm --test-mode --debug
|
||||||
systemctl start lightdm.service
|
systemctl start lightdm.service
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally, the [SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) lightdm service needs to be enabled and reboot the
|
Finally, the [systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) `lightdm` service needs to be enabled and reboot the
|
||||||
system.
|
system.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
systemctl enable lightdm.service`
|
systemctl enable lightdm.service`
|
||||||
reboot
|
reboot
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
@@ -48,13 +65,13 @@ reboot
|
|||||||
## Greeters
|
## Greeters
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
LightDM features the option to choose between many different greeters.
|
LightDM features the option to choose between many different greeters.
|
||||||
This section focusses on various greeters.
|
This section focuses on various greeters.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The greeter can be set with the option `greeter-session` under the section `[Seat:*]` in the file
|
The greeter can be set with the option `greeter-session` under the section `[Seat:*]` in the file
|
||||||
`/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf`.
|
`/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf`.
|
||||||
This will look similar to the following line.
|
This will look similar to the following line.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```txt
|
```txt
|
||||||
[Seat:*]
|
[Seat:*]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
greeter-session=lightdm-mini-greeter
|
greeter-session=lightdm-mini-greeter
|
||||||
@@ -65,9 +82,9 @@ If no `greeter-session` is set the default will fall back to the
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
### LightDM-GTK-Greeter
|
### LightDM-GTK-Greeter
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The [LightDM-GTK-Greeter](https://github.com/Xubuntu/lightdm-gtk-greeter) is the default greeter
|
The [LightDM-GTK-Greeter](https://github.com/Xubuntu/lightdm-gtk-greeter) is the default greeter
|
||||||
for LightDM.
|
for LightDM.
|
||||||
This is the default [greeter](#greeters) of [GTK](/wiki/linux/gtk.md) but others may be chosen.
|
This is the default [greeter](#greeters) of [GTK](/wiki/linux/gtk.md), but others may be chosen.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### LightDM-Mini-Greeter
|
### LightDM-Mini-Greeter
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -77,10 +94,9 @@ greeter.
|
|||||||
For the LightDM-Mini-Greeter to work correctly some settings have to be set in the file
|
For the LightDM-Mini-Greeter to work correctly some settings have to be set in the file
|
||||||
`/etc/lightdm/lightdm-mini-greeter.conf`.
|
`/etc/lightdm/lightdm-mini-greeter.conf`.
|
||||||
The following lines show an example of this file.
|
The following lines show an example of this file.
|
||||||
The most important changes have been done to set the `user` under `[greeter]`
|
The most important changes have been done to set the `user` under `[greeter]`
|
||||||
and `background-image` under `[greeter-theme]`.
|
and `background-image` under `[greeter-theme]`.
|
||||||
The background image path can vary, but lightdm has to be able to access the
|
The background image path can vary, but LightDM has to be able to access the image.
|
||||||
image.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```txt
|
```txt
|
||||||
# LightDM Mini Greeter Configuration
|
# LightDM Mini Greeter Configuration
|
||||||
@@ -179,5 +195,5 @@ This section will focus on errors and the fixing of errors of LightDM.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
### Bypass LightDM on Error
|
### Bypass LightDM on Error
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If it comes to problems that deny the login it can be useful to switch to another tty.
|
If it comes to problems that deny the login it can be useful to switch to another TTY.
|
||||||
This can be done by hitting the key combination `CTRL+ALT+F2`.
|
This can be done by hitting the key combination `CTRL+ALT+F2`.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ This can be done by using one or both of the following commands.
|
|||||||
systemctl start ly.service
|
systemctl start ly.service
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally, the [SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) Ly service needs to be enabled and reboot the
|
Finally, the [systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) Ly service needs to be enabled and reboot the
|
||||||
system.
|
system.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ priority, `1` being the next highest and so on.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## Troubleshooting
|
## Troubleshooting
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This section focusses on the troubleshooting of situations where the system does not connect
|
This section focuses on the troubleshooting of situations where the system does not connect
|
||||||
correctly.
|
correctly.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Restarting and Reenabling Wi-Fi
|
### Restarting and Reenabling Wi-Fi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A useful chain of commands is the following.
|
A useful chain of commands is the following.
|
||||||
It will restart the [SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) service and enable the Wi-Fi device.
|
It will restart the [systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) service and enable the Wi-Fi device.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
systemctl restart NetworkManager
|
systemctl restart NetworkManager
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ For one time synchronization of the time and date the `ntpdate` command can be
|
|||||||
used.
|
used.
|
||||||
The following command is an example for a one time sync.
|
The following command is an example for a one time sync.
|
||||||
Note that the server has to be changed for different time zones.
|
Note that the server has to be changed for different time zones.
|
||||||
In this case a german time server is used.
|
In this case a German time-server is used.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
ntpdate ptbtime1.ptb.de
|
ntpdate ptbtime1.ptb.de
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ and select either `Force Composition Timeline` or
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
On some operating systems like [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) the newer versions of
|
On some operating systems like [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md) the newer versions of
|
||||||
drivers are not compatible with Pascal GPUs anymore as explained in
|
drivers are not compatible with Pascal GPUs anymore as explained in
|
||||||
[the german Arch forum](https://www.archlinux.de/news/35689-Nvidia-Treiber-ab-Version-590-stellen-den-Support-fuer-Pascal-GPUs-ein).
|
[the German Arch forum](https://www.archlinux.de/news/35689-Nvidia-Treiber-ab-Version-590-stellen-den-Support-fuer-Pascal-GPUs-ein).
|
||||||
This is due to the drop of support for these cards from Nvidias site.
|
This is due to the drop of support for these cards from Nvidias site.
|
||||||
If Pascal-GPUs are still used some minor changes need to be performed and some packets need to be
|
If Pascal-GPUs are still used some minor changes need to be performed and some packets need to be
|
||||||
replaced.
|
replaced.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ AbortOnFail
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
The following hook will use [reflector](https://xyne.dev/projects/reflector/) to update the pacman
|
The following hook will use [reflector](https://xyne.dev/projects/reflector/) to update the pacman
|
||||||
mirrorlist.
|
mirrorlist.
|
||||||
It will use german mirrors (`-c de`), will list the fastest 15 mirrors (`-n 15`) and only do so if
|
It will use German mirrors (`-c de`), will list the fastest 15 mirrors (`-n 15`) and only do so if
|
||||||
the mirror was online in the last 24 hours (`-a 24`).
|
the mirror was online in the last 24 hours (`-a 24`).
|
||||||
It was found in a
|
It was found in a
|
||||||
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
|
[reddit post by IBNash](https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/dsnu81/hear_ye_archers_share_your_pacman_hooks/)
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||||||
# SystemD
|
# systemd
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
SystemD is an [init system](/wiki/linux/init.md) for Linux systems.
|
systemd is an [init system](/wiki/linux/init.md) for Linux systems.
|
||||||
It is used for service configuration and startup.
|
It is used for service configuration and startup.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Usage
|
## Usage
|
||||||
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ Logs of the last start of the service can be found by running `systemctl status
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
Additionally, the `--user` flag can be set to start the service only for the current user.
|
Additionally, the `--user` flag can be set to start the service only for the current user.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Retrieving the SystemD Logs
|
### Retrieving the systemd Logs
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
SystemD logs can easily be found using the `journalctl` command.
|
systemd logs can easily be found using the `journalctl` command.
|
||||||
One of the most notable usages of the command is for checking the logs of the previous boot.
|
One of the most notable usages of the command is for checking the logs of the previous boot.
|
||||||
This can be achieved by running the following command.
|
This can be achieved by running the following command.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## Troubleshooting
|
## Troubleshooting
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This section focusses on errors that correspond to the SystemD software.
|
This section focusses on errors that correspond to the systemd software.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Timed Out Waiting for Device `/dev/tpmrm0`
|
### Timed Out Waiting for Device `/dev/tpmrm0`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -11,19 +11,17 @@ Additionally, the installation of `tlp-rdw` is recommended, which is used to get
|
|||||||
radio devices.
|
radio devices.
|
||||||
Afterward, the TLP [service](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#startstopenabledisable-a-service) needs to be
|
Afterward, the TLP [service](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#startstopenabledisable-a-service) needs to be
|
||||||
started and enabled.
|
started and enabled.
|
||||||
In contrast to other
|
In contrast to other [systemd services](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#startstopenabledisable-a-service)
|
||||||
[SystemD services](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#startstopenabledisable-a-service) this
|
this can be done by running `sudo tlp start` and running `systemctl enable tlp.service`.
|
||||||
can be done by running `sudo tlp start` and running `systemctl enable tlp.service`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Configure Battery Charge Thresholds
|
## Configure Battery Charge Thresholds
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There are two battery charge thresholds.
|
There are two battery charge thresholds.
|
||||||
The first is `START_CHARGE_THRESH` this threshold contains the battery charge
|
The first is `START_CHARGE_THRESH` this threshold contains the battery charge level below which
|
||||||
level below which charging will begin.
|
charging will begin.
|
||||||
`STOP_CHARGE_TRESH` is the second threshold.
|
`STOP_CHARGE_TRESH` is the second threshold.
|
||||||
It describes up to which level the battery will be charged.
|
It describes up to which level the battery will be charged.
|
||||||
Battery charge thresholds are used to limit the charging of the battery to
|
Battery charge thresholds are used to limit the charging of the battery to extend the battery life.
|
||||||
extend the battery life.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Thresholds can be set in the file `/etc/tlp.conf`.
|
Thresholds can be set in the file `/etc/tlp.conf`.
|
||||||
Search and edit the following lines according to your needs.
|
Search and edit the following lines according to your needs.
|
||||||
@@ -33,4 +31,4 @@ START_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=75
|
|||||||
STOP_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=80
|
STOP_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=80
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This can also be achieved by using [tp-battery-mode](/wiki/linux/battery_saving.md#programs)
|
This can also be achieved by using [tp-battery-mode](/wiki/linux/battery_saving.md#programs).
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ v4l2loopback can be manually started by running the following command.
|
|||||||
modprobe v4l2loopback card_label='V4L2 Loopback' video_nr=7 exclusive_caps=1
|
modprobe v4l2loopback card_label='V4L2 Loopback' video_nr=7 exclusive_caps=1
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
`video_nr=7` states the device path to use with v4l2loopback - in this case
|
`video_nr=7` states the device path to use with v4l2loopback - in this case `/dev/video7`.
|
||||||
`/dev/video7`.
|
|
||||||
This can be changed according to the needs.
|
This can be changed according to the needs.
|
||||||
It is important that the device is not already in use by another application.
|
It is important that the device is not already in use by another application.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -46,8 +45,8 @@ modprobe v4l2loopback card_label='OBS Virtual Camera','IP Webcam' video_nr=7,8 e
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
### Create Permanent V4L2 Devices
|
### Create Permanent V4L2 Devices
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For an automatic start at boot via [SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) a service can be created - as
|
For an automatic start at boot via [systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) a service can be created - as
|
||||||
described in [the SystemD entry](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#run-command-on-boot).
|
described in [the systemd entry](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#run-command-on-boot).
|
||||||
For v4l2loopback create the file `/etc/systemd/system/v4l2loopback.service` containing the
|
For v4l2loopback create the file `/etc/systemd/system/v4l2loopback.service` containing the
|
||||||
following lines.
|
following lines.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ correctly.
|
|||||||
### Restarting WPA Supplicant
|
### Restarting WPA Supplicant
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Most of the problems regarding WPA Supplicant can be fixed by restarting the
|
Most of the problems regarding WPA Supplicant can be fixed by restarting the
|
||||||
[SystemD](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) service with the following command.
|
[systemd](/wiki/linux/systemd.md) service with the following command.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
systemctl restart wpa_supplicant
|
systemctl restart wpa_supplicant
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||||||
# X Window System
|
# X Window System
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
X Window System - also called X and X11 according to the current version - is a protocoll for
|
X Window System - also called X and X11 according to the current version - is a protocol for
|
||||||
handling the display of the most unix-like operating systems.
|
handling the display of the most Unix-like operating systems.
|
||||||
[Xorg](https://www.x.org/wiki/) is the most used implementation of the X protocoll.
|
[X.Org](https://www.x.org/wiki/) is the most used implementation of the X protocol.
|
||||||
It is maintained by the [X.Org Foundation](https://x.org/wiki/).
|
It is maintained by the [X.Org Foundation](https://x.org/wiki/).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Usage
|
## Usage
|
||||||
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The screen can be run by simply running the following command.
|
|||||||
slock
|
slock
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
By default this will not be run automatically when the computer goes into sleep.
|
By default, this will not be run automatically when the computer goes into sleep.
|
||||||
This can be changed by installing and using `xss-lock` like the following example shows.
|
This can be changed by installing and using `xss-lock` like the following example shows.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ For this navigate to the [corresponding section](#turning-off-the-screen).
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
Windows can be killed with the utility `xkill`.
|
Windows can be killed with the utility `xkill`.
|
||||||
Depending on the [distribution](/wiki/linux.md#distributions) used it maybe has to be installed.
|
Depending on the [distribution](/wiki/linux.md#distributions) used it maybe has to be installed.
|
||||||
It often is bundled in a package named `xorg-xkill`.
|
It is often bundled in a package named `xorg-xkill`.
|
||||||
By running `xkill` the mouse cursor will turn into an x.
|
By running `xkill` the mouse cursor will turn into an x.
|
||||||
With the mouse the window to close can then be selected.
|
With the mouse the window to close can then be selected.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ EndSection
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
This section describes the handling of keyboards by X.
|
This section describes the handling of keyboards by X.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### Change Keyboardlayout
|
##### Change Keyboard Layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To temporarily change the layout of the keyboard just run `setxkbmap <your preferred layout>`.
|
To temporarily change the layout of the keyboard just run `setxkbmap <your preferred layout>`.
|
||||||
For a permanent change run `localectl set-x11-keymap <your preferred layout>`.
|
For a permanent change run `localectl set-x11-keymap <your preferred layout>`.
|
||||||
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ layouts.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
In many languages there are ligatures (for example `œ`) and diacritics (for example `ç`).
|
In many languages there are ligatures (for example `œ`) and diacritics (for example `ç`).
|
||||||
An easy way to write them is by using the compose button.
|
An easy way to write them is by using the compose button.
|
||||||
Using the compose button these special symbols can be composed from their parts.
|
Using the compose button these special symbols can be composed of their parts.
|
||||||
The `ç` can be written by chaining compose with `,` and `c`.
|
The `ç` can be written by chaining compose with `,` and `c`.
|
||||||
The `œ` can be written by chaining compose with `o` and `e`.
|
The `œ` can be written by chaining compose with `o` and `e`.
|
||||||
There are many other diacritics and ligatures that can be written this way.
|
There are many other diacritics and ligatures that can be written this way.
|
||||||
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ There are many other diacritics and ligatures that can be written this way.
|
|||||||
To temporarily set up a compose key the following command can be used.
|
To temporarily set up a compose key the following command can be used.
|
||||||
It will set the given key `<compose>` (for example the right control key with `rctrl`) to act as
|
It will set the given key `<compose>` (for example the right control key with `rctrl`) to act as
|
||||||
the compose key when tapped.
|
the compose key when tapped.
|
||||||
`<layout>` specifies the layout of the keymap (for example german with `de`).
|
`<layout>` specifies the layout of the keymap (for example German with `de`).
|
||||||
If it is omitted the english `en` layout will be set.
|
If it is omitted the English `en` layout will be set.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
setxkbmap -layout <layout> -option compose:<compose>
|
setxkbmap -layout <layout> -option compose:<compose>
|
||||||
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ EndSection
|
|||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Another option to do this is by using the command `xset`.
|
Another option to do this is by using the command `xset`.
|
||||||
An example for this are the follwing commands which will enable the screensaver to act upon 10
|
An example for this are the following commands which will enable the screensaver to act upon 10
|
||||||
minutes of inactivity.
|
minutes of inactivity.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ xset s on
|
|||||||
xset s 600
|
xset s 600
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For more informations on this visit the
|
For more information on this visit the
|
||||||
[Arch wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Session_lock#DPMS).
|
[Arch wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Session_lock#DPMS).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### Adjust DPI and UI Scale
|
##### Adjust DPI and UI Scale
|
||||||
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ Xft.dpi: 100
|
|||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Afterward, `~/.config/xorg/xpcspec` needs to be sourced in the `~/.xinitrc` file.
|
Afterward, `~/.config/xorg/xpcspec` needs to be sourced in the `~/.xinitrc` file.
|
||||||
For this to work the following line needs to be added into the `~/.xinitrc` file .
|
For this to work the following line needs to be added into the `~/.xinitrc` file.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```sh
|
```sh
|
||||||
[ -f "$HOME/.config/xorg/xpcspec" ] && xrdb -merge "$HOME/.config/xorg/xpcspec"
|
[ -f "$HOME/.config/xorg/xpcspec" ] && xrdb -merge "$HOME/.config/xorg/xpcspec"
|
||||||
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ As written by
|
|||||||
there are two ways to change this property.
|
there are two ways to change this property.
|
||||||
If the change is only needed temporarily
|
If the change is only needed temporarily
|
||||||
`xinput set-prop <id> "libinput Middle Emulation Enabled" <flag>` can be run.
|
`xinput set-prop <id> "libinput Middle Emulation Enabled" <flag>` can be run.
|
||||||
`<id>` is the identifier of the mouse and <flag> is `0` for disabling and `1` for enabling the
|
`<id>` is the identifier of the mouse and `<flag>` is `0` for disabling and `1` for enabling the
|
||||||
middle mouse button.
|
middle mouse button.
|
||||||
For permanent change of the property a change or addition to
|
For permanent change of the property a change or addition to
|
||||||
`/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf` can be made.
|
`/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf` can be made.
|
||||||
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ For that search for the package `xdg-desktop-portal` or a similar named one usin
|
|||||||
[package manager](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md).
|
[package manager](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md).
|
||||||
If it is installed check if it starts up correctly by using the command
|
If it is installed check if it starts up correctly by using the command
|
||||||
`systemctl --user status xdg-desktop-portal` as described in the
|
`systemctl --user status xdg-desktop-portal` as described in the
|
||||||
[SystemD entry](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#startstopenabledisable-a-service-and-retrieve-its-logs).
|
[systemd entry](/wiki/linux/systemd.md#startstopenabledisable-a-service-and-retrieve-its-logs).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A possible error is `cannot open display` as it was described and fixed by rockzombie2 and V1del in
|
A possible error is `cannot open display` as it was described and fixed by rockzombie2 and V1del in
|
||||||
an [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md)
|
an [Arch Linux](/wiki/linux/arch-linux.md)
|
||||||
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ systemctl --user import-environment DISPLAY XAUTHORITY
|
|||||||
systemctl --user restart xdg-desktop-portal
|
systemctl --user restart xdg-desktop-portal
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If that works make sure the Xorg configs are sourced for users aswell.
|
If that works make sure the X configs are sourced for users as well.
|
||||||
It is possible that the following code block is missing in the local `.xinitrc`.
|
It is possible that the following code block is missing in the local `.xinitrc`.
|
||||||
This would create similar errors to the ones experienced.
|
This would create similar errors to the ones experienced.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user