games: added deck building to mtg

wiki/games/magic:_the_gathering.md

@@ -6,14 +6,15 @@ MTG is published by [Wizards of the Coast](https://company.wizards.com) - which
 reffered to as Wizards.
 In Magic: The Gathering there are many different formats that are all listed on
 [the official website](https://magic.wizards.com/en/formats).
+Rules can also be found on [Wizards website](https://magic.wizards.com/en/rules).
 
 ## Playing Online
 
 There is a fully digital and online version of MTG called
 [Magic: The Gathering Arena](https://magic.wizards.com/mtgarena) - or MTGA for short - that has
 nearly the same rules as the tabletop variant.
-Another alternative to playing fully digital is [Magic: The Gathering Online](https://www.mtgo.com)
+Another alternative to playing fully digital is [Magic: The Gathering Online](https://www.mtgo.com).
-- MTGO.
+This is also known as MTG Online or MTGO.
 
 It is also possible to remotely play with tabletop cards.
 This is most easily done on [Spelltable](https://spelltable.wizards.com/) which is an official
@@ -107,3 +108,156 @@ The following sites sell MTGO tix and rent cards.
   to buy tix.
 
 Lastly [decklist.org](https://decklist.org/) can be used to neatly print out decklists.
+
+## Deck Building
+
+A central part of MTG is the composition of cards to a deck.
+This section addresses the act of building a deck and important topics regarding deck composition.
+Starting with the general topics of deck building this section will then split into multiple
+subsections for building decks of different deck size.
+This following general part is mainly based on a
+[video by Pompeius IIb.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a37dLTiV58o).
+
+It is generally recommended to stick with the minimum number of allowed cards in a format for a
+deck.
+This will assure that cards that are in the deck have a higher possibility to be drawn or in the
+starting hand.
+
+The first step of building a deck is setting up a clear strategy.
+
+There are 3 main strategies.
+Aggro decks are meant to build pressure and end the game fastly.
+They are generally proactive and have minimal interaction with the opponent.
+On the other side of the spectrum are control decks.
+They counter the opponent and neutralize their strategy.
+Due to this they are reactive.
+These type of decks usually use a lot of card draw to get the advantage and find the correct counter
+for a given opponent.
+As a third theme combo decks use a combination of cards that are meant to finish the game.
+They are based on finding these cards and performing the combo.
+These kind of decks can use loops that can take a long time or even are infinite.
+
+There are also combination of these strategies.
+Aggro and control decks are called tempo or midrange decks.
+Control and combo decks use the combo as a finisher to the game but are generally similar to control
+decks.
+The combination of aggro and control are generally fast, non-interactive and are synergy based Aggro
+decks.
+
+To find a strategy for your needs the following three questions are important to answer.
+
+- How to end the game?
+- When to end the game?
+- How many interactions with the opponent?
+
+The other big topic in deck building is card selection.
+
+For picking a card multiple things have to be considered.
+The card has to be efficient mana-wise.
+It should therefore always be compared to other cards that are played similarly.
+For creatures without any bonus attributes it is said that 1 Power and 1 Toughness per Mana is a
+good starting point.
+Additionally cards should fit the strategy and shouldn't be too specific.
+Modal spells (1 card with multiple options) can be useful to be prepared for different
+situations without too specific cards
+They shouldn't be "win-more"-card and play good on their own.
+The cards selected should include some few good concepts and synergies between cards.
+
+Another thing to consider is the mana curve.
+Mana curve describes the histogram of the mana values of the cards in a deck.
+The curve should always begin at 1 and when the point is reached that wasspecified to end the game.
+Using mana-acceleration a turn and its mana cost on the curve can be reduced or skipped.
+
+The mana base is the land cards that are in a deck.
+The mana base should include the right colors in the right ratio.
+This ration can be calculated by calculating the mean of all used mana colors.
+Sometimes it can be useful to increase the mana color of cards that are needed very early in the
+game to ensure they can be played.
+In non-mono decks double lands are useful but their restrictions they come with should be noted.
+Approximately 1/3 of a deck should be reserved for land cards.
+
+### Building a 60 Card Deck
+
+This section will focus on the building of a 60 card deck.
+60 cards per deck is the minimum requirement for most formats like standard, modern and more.
+For 100 card decks navigate to the [following section](#building-a-100-card-deck)
+This section is also mainly based on a
+[video by german YouTuber Pompeius IIb.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a37dLTiV58o).
+
+All tipps that are in the [above section](#deck-building) are to be considered in this section too.
+
+As a rule of thumb the number of lands in a 60 card deck should be around
+`18 + [cost of the most expensive card] (+- 1)`.
+
+It is recommended to use playsets (4 cards) of cards or use multiple cards that are similar to
+reduce the possibilities of draws.
+
+### Building a 100 Card Deck
+
+This section will focus on the building of a 100 card deck.
+100 cards per deck is most notably the minimum requirement for the commander format.
+Therefor this section will mostly focus on commander
+For 60 card decks navigate to the [previous section](#building-a-60-card-deck)
+
+All tipps that are in the [above section](#deck-building) are to be considered in this section too.
+
+For commander decks it is also important to select a commander to build the deck around.
+Selecting the commander should be done in a step before choosing the strategy.
+
+There are four main templates to build a commander.
+The first three templates are fairly similar and will be explained as one in the
+[following section](#9x7-8x8-and-7x9-deck-templates).
+The last in the [section thereafter](#the-command-zone-deck-template).
+
+#### 9x7, 8x8 and 7x9 Deck Templates
+
+This section is mainly based on a [EDH Wiki entry](https://edh.fandom.com/wiki/7_by_9).
+These three templates are considered to be very flexible.
+Each theory gives a number of categories and a number of cards in that category.
+Those categories of cards are intended to use many cards with similar effects to make the deck more
+robust and redundant to draw similar cards consistently.
+
+The categories are usually a combination of the following ones - though other categories are
+possible.
+
+- Card Draw
+- Ramp
+- Board Wipes
+- Spot Removal
+- Protection
+- Reanimation Spells
+- Tutors
+- Haste Enablers
+- Counterspells
+- Buffs
+- Blink Spells
+- Token Makers
+- Lifegain
+- Lifegain Payoffs
+- Graveyard Hate
+- Pet Cards
+- Miscellaneous
+
+The three templates are the following:
+The first is 7 categories by 9 cards (7x9) which will leave 36 cards for the mana base.
+8 categories by 8 cards (8x8) which will leave 35 cards for the mana base.
+9 categories by 7 cards (9x7) which will leave 36 cards for the mana base.
+
+The category number and sizes can be adjusted.
+It is considered that 10 cards in a category will make 2 cards of that category appear in a game and
+a good chance to draw one card of that category in the starting hand.
+categories with 5 cards are considered to make 1 card of that category appear in a game.
+
+#### The Command Zone Deck Template
+
+The fourth template is a template made by [Command Zone](https://www.youtube.com/@commandcast).
+This section is therefore based on the corresponding
+[video by Command Zone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K9PEeLG_6M).
+
+It specifies the following categories and number cards in them.
+The first card is the commander.
+36 to 38 cards are used for the mana base.
+10 cards are used for mana ramp.
+10 cards are used for card draw.
+5 cards each are used for targeted removal and board wipes.
+The remaining 31 to 33 cards are used for the intended game strategy and deck plan.