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# Font
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A fonts is the particular size, weight and style of a typeface.
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Operating systems based on [Linux](/wiki/linux/linux.md) handle fonts by the
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[fontconfig package](/wiki/linux/font_configuration.md).
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## Typefaces
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Typefaces or font families can be roughly divided into the following styles:
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- Serif typefaces use serifs - the small feature at the end of the strokes
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within letters.
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- Sans-serif typefaces do not use serifs.
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- Monospace typefaces are typefaces with all glyphs having the same width.
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Depending on the usage and definition japanese, chinese and korean fonts can be
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seen as a separate style.
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# Font Configuration
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This entry addresses the handling of [fonts](/wiki/font.md) for
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[Linux-based](/wiki/linux/linux.md) operating systems.
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## Setup
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Fontconfig is the standard library used to customize and configure.
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On most [Linux](/wiki/linux/linux.md) distributions fontconfig can be setup by
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installing the package `fontconfig`.
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### Configuration
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The configuration file is usually stored in the file
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`~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf`.
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A configuration typically looks like the following lines.
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```xml
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<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
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<fontconfig>
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<alias>
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<family>serif</family>
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<prefer>
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<family>Linux Libertine</family>
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<family>Joy Pixels</family>
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</prefer>
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</alias>
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<alias>
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<family>sans-serif</family>
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<prefer>
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<family>Linux Biolinum</family>
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<family>Joy Pixels</family>
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</prefer>
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</alias>
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<alias>
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<family>monospace</family>
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<prefer>
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<family>JetBrainsMono Nerd Font Mono</family>
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<family>Joy Pixels</family>
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</prefer>
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</alias>
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</fontconfig>
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```
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This configuration requires some fonts that are not necessarily present in any
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Linux installation so they may have to be installed.
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Follow the section on [adding new fonts](#adding-new-font) and
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[recommended fonts](#recommended-fonts) as needed.
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## Usage
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This section addresses important commands and packages for the configuration of
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fonts.
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### List or Find Font Family
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A list of all fonts can be displayed using the command `fc-match -a`.
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If the name of the font is not clear the command
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`fc-match -a | grep <search term>` can be used to get an overview of the fonts
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available.
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For matching the command `fc-match -s <search term>` is be used.
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This will display a list of font families that match best with the given search
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term.
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### Adding New Font
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A new font can be added by placing its name inside `<family>`/`</family>`-tags.
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Make sure to place it inside the correct [font family](/wiki/font.md#typefaces).
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If you want to add a font into the configuration make sure its name
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[matches](#list-or-find-font-family) correctly.
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### Recommended Fonts
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In this section various fonts are listed for the different typefaces.
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Make sure to follow [the adding new fonts section](#adding-new-font) after
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installing new fonts.
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#### Monospace
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For monospace the font `JetBrainsMono Nerd Font Mono` that is also used
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IntelliJ and other JetBrains software is recommended.
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As an additional feature it can be used packaged as a
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[Nerd Font](https://www.nerdfonts.com/).
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For some distributions it is available in the `ttf-jetbrains-mono-nerd` package.
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alternatively it can be downloaded from the
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[Nerd Fonts download page](https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads).
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#### CJK
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CJK fonts can be installed together by using Google Noto CJK fonts.
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They are typically inside a package named `noto-fonts-cjk` but can also be
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retrieved from their [website](https://fonts.google.com/noto).
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An alternative to this are the Adobe fonts.
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They are typically installed separately.
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The repository is split into
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[source han sans](https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-sans),
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[source han serif](https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-serif) and
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[source han mono](https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-mono) .
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On some [package managers](/wiki/linux/package_manager.md) the fonts are further
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split depending on [typeface](/wiki/font.md#typefaces) and language.
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The following list shows the name of the
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[Arch Linux packages](/wiki/linux/arch-linux/arch-linux.md).
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The names on other distributions can vary slightly.
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- `adobe-source-han-sans-jp-fonts` is for japanese sans style fonts.
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- `adobe-source-han-serif-jp-fonts` is for japanese sans style fonts.
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- `adobe-source-han-mono-jp-fonts` is for japanese mono style fonts.
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- `adobe-source-han-sans-kr-fonts` is for korean sans font.
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- `adobe-source-han-serif-kr-fonts` is for korean serif font.
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- `adobe-source-han-mono-kr-fonts` is for korean mono font.
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#### Emojis
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Emojis are typically unicode characters that need special packages to be
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displayed properly.
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[JoyPixels](https://joypixels.com) feature many emoji icons.
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The fonts can be obtained from their [website](https://joypixels.com/download)
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or for most distributions from the `ttf-joypixels` package.
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