diff --git a/system-software/arch-linux/installation.md b/system-software/arch-linux/installation.md index 2516416..6943e72 100644 --- a/system-software/arch-linux/installation.md +++ b/system-software/arch-linux/installation.md @@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ At the end of this guide a fully functional Arch Linux will be installed. ## 1. Preparation Ahead of the installation an Arch boot-stick has to be created. The iso-file can be found on the [official website](https://www.archlinux.org/download/). -The iso can be written on an USB-stick using ```dd```. +The iso can be written on an USB-stick using `dd`. After that the USB can be plugged in the system on which Arch should be installed. -Boot the target system and select ```Boot Arch Linux (x86_64)```. +Boot the target system and select `Boot Arch Linux (x86_64)`. -If you need to set the keyboard layout to anything other than english you can temporarily do so by using the ```loadkeys``` command. -This has to be followed by your country id (for example a german keyboard layout would be ```de```,```de-latin1``` or ```de-latin1-nodeadkeys```. +If you need to set the keyboard layout to anything other than english you can temporarily do so by using the `loadkeys` command. +This has to be followed by your country id (for example a german keyboard layout would be `de`,`de-latin1` or `de-latin1-nodeadkeys`. ## 2. Formatting of the target drive -Using ```lsblk``` you can list all the drives and partitions. +Using `lsblk` you can list all the drives and partitions. Select a drive to install Arch on. In this step you can see if old partitions need to be deleted. -For reasons of simplicity the following guide will assume the selected drive to be ```/dev/sda```. +For reasons of simplicity the following guide will assume the selected drive to be `/dev/sda`. ### Clear disk completely: @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Now all partitions should be removed. ### Create new partitions: -If you miss click during the progress of the following commands you can press ```CTRL+C``` to close the program. +If you miss click during the progress of the following commands you can press `CTRL+C` to close the program. No changes will be made until the confirmation at the end. The swap partition will be created later under lvm. @@ -54,20 +54,20 @@ The swap partition will be created later under lvm. ## 3. Encryption We need to find out which partitions is the one we want to encrypt. -Using ```blkid | grep /dev/sda``` all partitions we created get listed. -The right partition has the label ```Linux filesystem```. -For this guide this partition is assumed to be ```/dev/sda2```. +Using `blkid | grep /dev/sda` all partitions we created get listed. +The right partition has the label `Linux filesystem`. +For this guide this partition is assumed to be `/dev/sda2`. - `modprobe dm-crypt` - load kernelmodule for encryption - `cryptsetup -c aes-xts-plain -y -s 512 luksFormat /dev/sda2` - encryption -- confirm with ```YES``` +- confirm with `YES` - Now you can assign a passphrase. The passphrase has to be entered at boot to decrypt the system. Recovering of this passphrase is **not** possible. ## 4. Setup LVM -- `cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 lvm` - Opening encrypted partition and mapping it to ```/dev/mapper/lvm``` +- `cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 lvm` - Opening encrypted partition and mapping it to `/dev/mapper/lvm` - `pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm` - Create a LVM physical volume - `vgcreate main /dev/mapper/lvm` - Create LVM Volume Group - `lvcreate -L 16G -n swap main` - Create Swap in LVM (recommended: swap size is equal to ram size) @@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ Recovering of this passphrase is **not** possible. ## 5. Create filesystems and mounting them temporarily We have to find out which partition is our boot-partition. -Using ```blkid | grep /dev/sda``` once again, we can identify it by looking for the ```EFI system partition``` label. -The guide assumes this partition to be at ```/dev/sda1```. +Using `blkid | grep /dev/sda` once again, we can identify it by looking for the `EFI system partition` label. +The guide assumes this partition to be at `/dev/sda1`. -- ```mkfs.fat -F 32 -n UEFI /dev/sda1``` - Assign filesystem of EFI partition -- ```mkfs.ext4 -L root /dev/mapper/main-root``` - Assign filesystem of root partition -- ```mkswap /dev/mapper/main-swap``` - Assign swap filesystem +- `mkfs.fat -F 32 -n UEFI /dev/sda1` - Assign filesystem of EFI partition +- `mkfs.ext4 -L root /dev/mapper/main-root` - Assign filesystem of root partition +- `mkswap /dev/mapper/main-swap` - Assign swap filesystem Now the created filesystems will be mounted for the installation. @@ -97,36 +97,37 @@ This will improve the download speed. - `cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak` - Create a backup of mirrorlist - `grep -E -A 1 ".*Germany.*$" /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak | sed '/--/d' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Example command to only use *German* mirrors -- `cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Check if the file is to your liking. If it is not, you can just recover by using ```mirrorlist.bak``` +- `cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Check if the file is to your liking. If it is not, you can just recover by using `mirrorlist.bak` ## 7. Starting base installation -- `pacstrap /mnt base base-devel dosfstools gptfdisk lvm2 linux linux-firmware networkmanager vim` - Installation of main system with needed tools -- `pacstrap /mnt wpa\_supplicant wireless\_tools` - (optional) installation of wireless tools +Now you need a working internet connection. +Plug in your lan cable or use `wifi-menu` to get a wireless connection. + +- `pacstrap /mnt base base-devel dosfstools gptfdisk lvm2 linux linux-firmware vim dialog dhcpcd` - Installation of main system with needed tools - `genfstab -Up /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab` - creation of fstab - `arch-chroot /mnt` - Switch into the newly installed system -- `echo ArchLinux > /etc/hostname` - Assign hostname. ```ArchLinux``` can be changed for any name of your preference. +- `echo ArchLinux > /etc/hostname` - Assign hostname. `ArchLinux` can be changed for any name of your preference. ## 8. Set Region and Language -- `echo LANG=en\_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Assign system Language to be english (you can use other languages, look into the ```/etc/locale.conf``` for a list of all available languages) +- `echo LANG=en\_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Assign system Language to be english (you can use other languages, look into the `/etc/locale.gen` for a list of all available languages) - `vim /etc/locale.gen` - Assigning system language by uncomment the lines depending on your needs. In this example: ``` en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 ``` - `locale-gen` - Generate languages -- if you need any other keymap than english you can change it now for example to German by `localectl --no-convert set-keymap de-latin1-nodeadkeys`. -- `localectl status` - Check if the layout is right +- `echo KEYMAP=de-latin1-nodeadkeys > /etc/vconsole.conf` - set the keymap - `tzselect` - Set region # 9. Configure and create kernel-image - `vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf` - Search the line `MODULES=()` and change it to: - `MODULES=(ext4)` + `MODULES=(ext4)` - Search the line `HOOKS=([...])` and change it to: - `HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck shutdown)` + `HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck shutdown)` - `mkinitcpio -p linux` - generate Kernel-Image ## 10. Install and configure UEFI bootloader @@ -135,30 +136,23 @@ en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 - `ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid` - find out the UUID - `lsblk -no UUID /dev/sda2 | head -n1 > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` - print the UUID in your configuration file - `vim /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` - Create configuration - - Change the config to look similar to this: - ``` - title Arch Linux - linux /vmlinuz-linux - initrd /initramfs-linux.img - options cryptdevice=UUID=:lvm:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/main-root:lvm:allow-discards resume=/dev/mapper/main-swap rw quiet lang=de init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd locale=de_DE.UTF-8 - ``` -- `cp /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf` - Create a fallback -- `vim /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf` - Edit the file - - change the file to look similar to this: - ``` - title Arch Linux - linux /vmlinuz-linux - initrd /initramfs-linux.img - options cryptdevice=UUID=:lvm:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/main-root:lvm:allow-discards resume=/dev/mapper/main-swap rw quiet lang=de init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd locale=de_DE.UTF-8 - ``` + - Change the config to look similar to this: + ``` + title Arch Linux + linux /vmlinuz-linux + initrd /initramfs-linux.img + options cryptdevice=UUID=:lvm:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/main-root resume=/dev/mapper/main-swap rw quiet + ``` +- `cp /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf` - Create a fallback - `vim /boot/loader/loader.conf` - Create loader configuration - Insert the following text ``` - timeout 1 + timeout 0 default arch ``` ## 11. Finishing base installation +- `passwd` - set password for the root account - `exit` - exit the installed system - `umount /mnt/{boot,}` - unmount all partitions - `shutdown now` - shutdown device @@ -166,57 +160,11 @@ en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 - Start the device again If the system is installed in a virtual environment or a system with deactivated UEFI, don't forget to enable the EFI option, otherwise the system won't boot. - -## 12. Activate network connection - -- Log in as ```root``` user -- `systemctl enable NetworkManager.service` - Activate NetworkManager -- `systemctl enable wpa\_supplicant.service` - (Optional) activate wpa_supplicant -- `systemctl start NetworkManager.service` - Start NetworkManager - -The device should connect to the internet if it is connected via LAN. -Using ```nmtui``` you can administer the wired and wireless connections - -## 13. Automatic time settings - -- `pacman -Syu ntp` - Installing time service -- `ntpd -qg` - Get current time -- `hwclock --systohc` - Synchronize hardware clock -- `systemctl enable ntpd.service` - enable time service - -## 14. Create user - -- `vim /etc/sudoers` - Open sudoers file - - uncomment the following lines - ``` - %whell All=(ALL) ALL - ``` -- `useradd -m user` - Create a user with ```user``` as name. For the user a home directory will be created. -- `usermod -aG wheel user` - Add user ```user``` to wheel group -- `passwd -d user` - Remove password for user ```user``` -- `logout` - logout from root -- log in as the newly created user - -On the freshly installed system there are 2 users. -Make sure to set the password! -You can add one using ```passwd```. - -## 15. Install yay - -- `sudo pacman -S git` - install git -- `cd /opt` -- `sudo git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay-git.git` - Clone the yay git repository -- `sudo chown -R user:user yay-git` - Change owner -- `cd yay-git` -- `makepkg -si` - Start installation - -## 16. Activate sound - -- `yay -S alsa-utils pulseaudio-alsa` - -The volume can be changed with `alsamixer`. +Now you can follow my larbs installation script (`curl -o larbs.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiyn/larbs/master/larbs.sh` or go on to other guides. ## Changelog and versions > 03.04.2020 - Version 1.1en (based on 03.04.2020 - Version 1.1) > > 05.04.2020 - Version 2.1en (based on 05.04.2020 - Version 2.1) +> +> 28.05.2020 - Version 3.0en