tiyn/wiki
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/tiyn/wiki.git synced 2026-02-22 10:24:47 +01:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

markdown syntax: formatted all files with prettier

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
TiynGER
2020-11-01 16:06:38 +01:00
parent 0b7e2aa41b
commit 2951efa92e
45 changed files with 762 additions and 625 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

121
wiki/linux/arch-linux/installation.md
View File

@@ -7,22 +7,26 @@ At the end of this guide a fully functional Arch Linux will be installed.
## 1. Preparation
Ahead of the installation an Arch boot-stick has to be created. The iso-file can be found on the [official website](https://www.archlinux.org/download/).
Ahead of the installation an Arch boot-stick has to be created. The iso-file can
be found on the [official website](https://www.archlinux.org/download/).
The iso can be written on an USB-stick using `dd`.
After that the USB can be plugged in the system on which Arch should be installed.
Boot the target system and select `Boot Arch Linux (x86_64)`.
If you need to set the keyboard layout to anything other than english you can temporarily do so by using the `loadkeys` command.
This has to be followed by your country id (for example a german keyboard layout would be `de`,`de-latin1` or `de-latin1-nodeadkeys`.
If you need to set the keyboard layout to anything other than english you can
temporarily do so by using the `loadkeys` command.
This has to be followed by your country id (for example a german keyboard layout
would be `de`,`de-latin1` or `de-latin1-nodeadkeys`.
## 2. Formatting of the target drive
Using `lsblk` you can list all the drives and partitions.
Select a drive to install Arch on.
In this step you can see if old partitions need to be deleted.
For reasons of simplicity the following guide will assume the selected drive to be `/dev/sda`.
For reasons of simplicity the following guide will assume the selected drive to
be `/dev/sda`.
### Clear disk completely:
### Clear disk completely
This step can take quite a while especially for large drives.
@@ -30,9 +34,10 @@ This step can take quite a while especially for large drives.
Now all partitions should be removed.
### Create new partitions:
### Create new partitions
If you miss click during the progress of the following commands you can press `CTRL+C` to close the program.
If you miss click during the progress of the following commands you can press
`CTRL+C` to close the program.
No changes will be made until the confirmation at the end.
The swap partition will be created later under lvm.
@@ -62,21 +67,24 @@ For this guide this partition is assumed to be `/dev/sda2`.
- `cryptsetup -c aes-xts-plain -y -s 512 luksFormat /dev/sda2` - encryption
- confirm with `YES`
- Now you can assign a passphrase.
The passphrase has to be entered at boot to decrypt the system.
Recovering of this passphrase is **not** possible.
The passphrase has to be entered at boot to decrypt the system.
Recovering of this passphrase is **not** possible.
## 4. Setup LVM
- `cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 lvm` - Opening encrypted partition and mapping it to `/dev/mapper/lvm`
- `cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 lvm` - Opening encrypted partition and mapping
it to `/dev/mapper/lvm`
- `pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm` - Create a LVM physical volume
- `vgcreate main /dev/mapper/lvm` - Create LVM Volume Group
- `lvcreate -L 16G -n swap main` - Create Swap in LVM (recommended: swap size is equal to ram size)
- `lvcreate -L 16G -n swap main` - Create Swap in LVM (recommended: swap size
is equal to ram size)
- `lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n root main` - Create LVM Logical Volume for /
## 5. Create filesystems and mounting them temporarily
We have to find out which partition is our boot-partition.
Using `blkid | grep /dev/sda` once again, we can identify it by looking for the `EFI system partition` label.
Using `blkid | grep /dev/sda` once again, we can identify it by looking for the
`EFI system partition` label.
The guide assumes this partition to be at `/dev/sda1`.
- `mkfs.fat -F 32 -n UEFI /dev/sda1` - Assign filesystem of EFI partition
@@ -95,61 +103,80 @@ Now the created filesystems will be mounted for the installation.
In this step the country specific mirrorserver for the installation will be configured.
This will improve the download speed.
- `cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak` - Create a backup of mirrorlist
- `grep -E -A 1 ".*Germany.*$" /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak | sed '/--/d' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Example command to only use *German* mirrors
- `cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Check if the file is to your liking. If it is not, you can just recover by using `mirrorlist.bak`
- `cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak` - Create a backup
of mirrorlist
- `grep -E -A 1 ".*Germany.*$" /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak | sed '/--/d' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist`
- Example command to only use _German_ mirrors
- `cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Check if the file is to your liking. If it is
not, you can just recover by using `mirrorlist.bak`
## 7. Starting base installation
Now you need a working internet connection.
Plug in your lan cable or use `wifi-menu` to get a wireless connection.
- `pacstrap /mnt base base-devel dosfstools gptfdisk lvm2 linux linux-firmware vim networkmanager` - Installation of main system with needed tools
- `pacstrap /mnt base base-devel dosfstools gptfdisk lvm2 linux linux-firmware vim networkmanager`
- Installation of main system with needed tools
- `genfstab -Up /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab` - creation of fstab
- `arch-chroot /mnt` - Switch into the newly installed system
- `echo ArchLinux > /etc/hostname` - Assign hostname. `ArchLinux` can be changed for any name of your preference.
- `echo ArchLinux > /etc/hostname` - Assign hostname. `ArchLinux` can be changed
for any name of your preference.
## 8. Set Region and Language
- `echo LANG=en\_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Assign system Language to be english (you can use other languages, look into the `/etc/locale.gen` for a list of all available languages)
- `vim /etc/locale.gen` - Assigning system language by uncomment the lines depending on your needs.
In this example:
```
- `echo LANG=en\_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Assign system Language to be
english (you can use other languages, look into the `/etc/locale.gen` for a list of all available languages)
- `vim /etc/locale.gen` - Assigning system language by uncomment the lines
depending on your needs.
In this example:
```txt
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
```
- `locale-gen` - Generate languages
- `echo KEYMAP=de-latin1-nodeadkeys > /etc/vconsole.conf` - set the keymap
- `tzselect` - Set region
# 9. Configure and create kernel-image
## 9. Configure and create kernel-image
- `vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf`
- Search the line `MODULES=()` and change it to:
`MODULES=(ext4)`
- Search the line `HOOKS=([...])` and change it to:
`HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck shutdown)`
- Search the line `MODULES=()` and change it to:
`MODULES=(ext4)`
- Search the line `HOOKS=([...])` and change it to:
`HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck shutdown)`
- `mkinitcpio -p linux` - generate Kernel-Image
## 10. Install and configure UEFI bootloader
- `bootctl install` - Prepare bootloader
- `ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid` - find out the UUID
- `lsblk -no UUID /dev/sda2 | head -n1 > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` - print the UUID in your configuration file
- `lsblk -no UUID /dev/sda2 | head -n1 > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` - print
the UUID in your configuration file
- `vim /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` - Create configuration
- Change the config to look similar to this:
```
title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options cryptdevice=UUID=<enter your uuid here>:lvm:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/main-root resume=/dev/mapper/main-swap rw quiet
```
- `cp /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf` - Create a fallback
- Change the config to look similar to this:
```txt
title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options cryptdevice=UUID=<enter your uuid here>:lvm:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/main-root resume=/dev/mapper/main-swap rw quiet
```
- `cp /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf`
- Create a fallback
- `vim /boot/loader/loader.conf` - Create loader configuration
- Insert the following text
```
timeout 0
default arch
```
- Insert the following text
```txt
timeout 0
default arch
```
## 11. Finishing base installation
- `passwd` - set password for the root account
@@ -159,12 +186,8 @@ en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
- Now remove the Arch boot-stick
- Start the device again
If the system is installed in a virtual environment or a system with deactivated UEFI, don't forget to enable the EFI option, otherwise the system won't boot.
Now you can follow my larbs installation script (`curl -o larbs.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiyn/larbs/master/larbs.sh` or go on to other guides.
## Changelog and versions
> 03.04.2020 - Version 1.1en (based on 03.04.2020 - Version 1.1)
>
> 05.04.2020 - Version 2.1en (based on 05.04.2020 - Version 2.1)
>
> 28.05.2020 - Version 3.0en
If the system is installed in a virtual environment or a system with deactivated
UEFI, don't forget to enable the EFI option, otherwise the system won't boot.
Now you can follow my larbs installation script
(`curl -o larbs.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiyn/larbs/master/larbs.sh`
or go on to other guides.