version 2.1en for arch installation

master
TiynGER 5 years ago
parent 05a4c34392
commit 24fe1988f8

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ This guide is based upon a [german arch wiki entry](https://wiki.archlinux.de/ti
At the end of this guide a fully functional Arch Linux will be installed. At the end of this guide a fully functional Arch Linux will be installed.
## 1. Preparation ## 1. Preparation
Ahead of the installation an Arch boot-stick has to be created. The iso-file can be found on the [official website](https://www.archlinux.org/download/). Ahead of the installation an Arch boot-stick has to be created. The iso-file can be found on the [official website](https://www.archlinux.org/download/).
The iso can be written on an USB-stick using ```dd```. The iso can be written on an USB-stick using ```dd```.
After that the USB can be plugged in the system on which Arch should be installed. After that the USB can be plugged in the system on which Arch should be installed.
@ -15,16 +16,22 @@ If you need to set the keyboard layout to anything other than english you can te
This has to be followed by your country id (for example a german keyboard layout would be ```de```,```de-latin1``` or ```de-latin1-nodeadkeys```. This has to be followed by your country id (for example a german keyboard layout would be ```de```,```de-latin1``` or ```de-latin1-nodeadkeys```.
## 2. Formatting of the target drive ## 2. Formatting of the target drive
Using ```lsblk``` you can list all the drives and partitions. Using ```lsblk``` you can list all the drives and partitions.
Select a drive to install Arch on. Select a drive to install Arch on.
In this step you can see if old partitions need to be deleted.
For reasons of simplicity the following guide will assume the selected drive to be ```/dev/sda```. For reasons of simplicity the following guide will assume the selected drive to be ```/dev/sda```.
### Clear disk completely: ### Clear disk completely:
This step can take quite a while especially for large drives.
- `dd status=progress if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda` - `dd status=progress if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda`
Now all partitions should be removed. Now all partitions should be removed.
### Create new partitions: ### Create new partitions:
If you missclick during the progress of the following commands you can press ```CTRL+C``` to close the program. If you missclick during the progress of the following commands you can press ```CTRL+C``` to close the program.
No changes will be made until the confirmation at the end. No changes will be made until the confirmation at the end.
The swap partition will be created later under lvm. The swap partition will be created later under lvm.
@ -45,6 +52,7 @@ The swap partition will be created later under lvm.
- `Y` - Confirm saving changes - `Y` - Confirm saving changes
## 3. Encryption ## 3. Encryption
We need to find out which partitions is the one we want to encrypt. We need to find out which partitions is the one we want to encrypt.
Using ```blkid | grep /dev/sda``` all partitions we created get listed. Using ```blkid | grep /dev/sda``` all partitions we created get listed.
The right partition has the label ```Linux filesystem```. The right partition has the label ```Linux filesystem```.
@ -58,6 +66,7 @@ The passphrase has to be entered at boot to decrypt the system.
Recovering of this passphrase is **not** possible. Recovering of this passphrase is **not** possible.
## 4. Setup LVM ## 4. Setup LVM
- `cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 lvm` - Opening encrypted partition and mapping it to ```/dev/mapper/lvm``` - `cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 lvm` - Opening encrypted partition and mapping it to ```/dev/mapper/lvm```
- `pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm` - Create a LVM physical volume - `pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm` - Create a LVM physical volume
- `vgcreate main /dev/mapper/lvm` - Create LVM Volume Group - `vgcreate main /dev/mapper/lvm` - Create LVM Volume Group
@ -65,6 +74,7 @@ Recovering of this passphrase is **not** possible.
- `lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n root main` - Create LVM Logical Volume for / - `lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n root main` - Create LVM Logical Volume for /
## 5. Create filesystems and mounting them temporarily ## 5. Create filesystems and mounting them temporarily
We have to find out which partition is our boot-partition. We have to find out which partition is our boot-partition.
Using ```blkid | grep /dev/sda``` once again, we can identify it by looking for the ```EFI system partition``` label. Using ```blkid | grep /dev/sda``` once again, we can identify it by looking for the ```EFI system partition``` label.
The guide assumes this partition to be at ```/dev/sda1```. The guide assumes this partition to be at ```/dev/sda1```.
@ -81,43 +91,60 @@ Now the created filesystems will be mounted for the installation.
- `swapon /dev/mapper/main-swap` - Mounting swap partition - `swapon /dev/mapper/main-swap` - Mounting swap partition
## 6. Prepare base installation (optional) ## 6. Prepare base installation (optional)
In this step the country specific mirrorserver for the installation will be configured. In this step the country specific mirrorserver for the installation will be configured.
This will improve the download speed. This will improve the download speed.
- `cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak` - Create a backup of mirrorlist - `cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak` - Create a backup of mirrorlist
- `grep -E -A 1 ".*Germany.*$" /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak | sed '/--/d' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Example command to only use *German* mirrors - `grep -E -A 1 ".*Germany.*$" /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak | sed '/--/d' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Example command to only use *German* mirrors
- `cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Check if the file is to your liking. If it is not, you can just recover by using ```mirrorlist.bak``` - `cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` - Check if the file is to your liking. If it is not, you can just recover by using ```mirrorlist.bak```
## 7. Starting base installation ## 7. Starting base installation
- `pacstrap /mnt base base-devel dosfstools gptfdisk lvm2 linux linux-firmware wpa_supplicant wireless_tools networkmanager vim` - Installation of main system with needed tools
- `pacstrap /mnt base base-devel dosfstools gptfdisk lvm2 linux linux-firmware networkmanager vim` - Installation of main system with needed tools
- `pacstrap /mnt wpa_supplicant wireless_tools` - (optional) installation of wireless tools
- `genfstab -Up /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab` - creation of fstab - `genfstab -Up /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab` - creation of fstab
- `arch-chroot /mnt` - Switch into the newly installed system - `arch-chroot /mnt` - Switch into the newly installed system
- `echo ArchLinux > /etc/hostname` - Assign hostname. ```ArchLinux``` can be changed for any name of your preference. - `echo ArchLinux > /etc/hostname` - Assign hostname. ```ArchLinux``` can be changed for any name of your preference.
- `echo LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Systemsprache festlegen
## 8. Set Region and Language
- `echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Assign system Language to be english (you can use other languages, look into the ```/etc/locale.conf``` for a list of all available languages) - `echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf` - Assign system Language to be english (you can use other languages, look into the ```/etc/locale.conf``` for a list of all available languages)
- `vim /etc/locale.gen` - Assigning system language - `vim /etc/locale.gen` - Assigning system language by uncomment the lines depending on your needs.
- uncomment the lines depending on your needs.
In this example: In this example:
``` ```
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
``` ```
- `locale-gen` - Generate languages - `locale-gen` - Generate languages
- if you need any other keymap than english you can change it now for example to German by `echo KEYMAP=de-latin1 > /etc/vconsole.conf`. - if you need any other keymap than english you can change it now for example to German by `localectl --no-convert set-keymap de-latin1-nodeadkeys`.
- `sed -i 's/MODULES=()/MODULES=(ext4)/g' /etc/mkinitcpio.conf` - Allow modules needed at boot - `localectl status` - Check if the layout is right
- `sed -i 's/HOOKS=()/HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck shutdown)/g' /etc/mkinitcpio.conf` - Allow hooks needed at boot - `tzselect` - Set region
# 9. Configure and create kernel-image
- `vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf`
- Search the line `MODULES=()` and change it to:
`MODULES=(ext4)`
- Search the line `HOOKS=([...])` and change it to:
`HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap encrypt lvm2 filesystems fsck shutdown)`
- `mkinitcpio -p linux` - generate Kernel-Image - `mkinitcpio -p linux` - generate Kernel-Image
## 8. Install and configure UEFI bootloader ## 10. Install and configure UEFI bootloader
- `bootctl install` - Prepare bootloader - `bootctl install` - Prepare bootloader
- `ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid` - find out the UUID
- `lsblk -no UUID /dev/sda2 | head -n1 > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` - print the UUID in your configuration file
- `vim /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` - Create configuration - `vim /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` - Create configuration
It is recommended to use UUIDs where possible. - Change the config to look similar to this:
Please find out what the UUID of your drive is, use ```ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid``` to do this.
``` ```
title Arch Linux title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /initramfs-linux.img initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options cryptdevice=UUID=<enter your uuid here>:lvm:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/main-root:lvm:allow-discards resume=/dev/mapper/main-swap rw quiet lang=de init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd locale=de_DE.UTF-8 options cryptdevice=UUID=<enter your uuid here>:lvm:allow-discards root=/dev/mapper/main-root:lvm:allow-discards resume=/dev/mapper/main-swap rw quiet lang=de init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd locale=de_DE.UTF-8
``` ```
- `vim /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf` - Create fallback - `cp /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf` - Create a fallback
- `vim /boot/loader/entries/arch-fallback.conf` - Edit the file
- change the file to look similar to this:
``` ```
title Arch Linux title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux linux /vmlinuz-linux
@ -130,32 +157,35 @@ options cryptdevice=UUID=<enter your uuid here>:lvm:allow-discards root=/dev/ma
timeout 1 timeout 1
default arch default arch
``` ```
## 11. Finishing base installation
## 9. Finishing base installation
- `exit` - exit the installed system - `exit` - exit the installed system
- `umount /mnt/*` - unmount all partitions - `umount /mnt/{boot,}` - unmount all partitions
- `shutdown` - shutdown device - `shutdown now` - shutdown device
- Now remove the Arch boot-stick - Now remove the Arch boot-stick
- Start the device again
If the system is installed in a virtual environment or a system with deactivated UEFI, don't forget to enable the EFI option, otherwise the system won't boot. If the system is installed in a virtual environment or a system with deactivated UEFI, don't forget to enable the EFI option, otherwise the system won't boot.
## 10. Activate Networkconnection ## 12. Activate Networkconnection
- Start the device
- Log in as ```root``` user - Log in as ```root``` user
- `systemctl enable NetworkManager.service` - Activate NetworkManager - `systemctl enable NetworkManager.service` - Activate NetworkManager
- `systemctl enable wpa_supplicant.service` - Activate wpa_supplicant - `systemctl enable wpa_supplicant.service` - (Optional) activate wpa_supplicant
- `systemctl start NetworkManager.service` - Start NetworkManager - `systemctl start NetworkManager.service` - Start NetworkManager
The device should connect to the internet if it is connected via LAN. The device should connect to the internet if it is connected via LAN.
Using ```nmtui``` you can administer the wired and wireless connections Using ```nmtui``` you can administer the wired and wireless connections
## 11. Automatic timesettings ## 13. Automatic timesettings
- `pacman -Syu ntp` - Installing time service - `pacman -Syu ntp` - Installing time service
- `ntpd -qg` - Get current time - `ntpd -qg` - Get current time
- `hwclock --systohc` - Synchronize hardwareclock - `hwclock --systohc` - Synchronize hardwareclock
- `systemctl enable ntpd.service` - enable timeservice - `systemctl enable ntpd.service` - enable timeservice
## 12. Create user ## 14. Create user
- `vim /etc/sudoers` - Open suoders file - `vim /etc/sudoers` - Open suoders file
- uncomment the following lines - uncomment the following lines
``` ```
@ -164,10 +194,28 @@ Using ```nmtui``` you can administer the wired and wireless connections
- `useradd -m user` - Create a user with ```user``` as name. For the user a home directory will be created. - `useradd -m user` - Create a user with ```user``` as name. For the user a home directory will be created.
- `usermod -aG wheel user` - Add user ```user``` to wheel group - `usermod -aG wheel user` - Add user ```user``` to wheel group
- `passwd -d user` - Remove password for user ```user``` - `passwd -d user` - Remove password for user ```user```
- `logout` - logout from root
- log in as the newly created user
On the freshly installed system there are 2 users. On the freshly installed system there are 2 users.
Make sure to set the password! Make sure to set the password!
You can add one using ```passwd```. You can add one using ```passwd```.
> 03.04.2020 - Version 1.0 ## 15. Install yay
> 03.04.2020 - Version 1.1en
- `sudo pacman -S git` - install git
- `cd /opt`
- `sudo git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay-git.git` - Clone the yay git repository
- `sudo chown -R user:user yay-git` - Change owner
- `cd yay-git`
- `makepkg -si` - Start installation
## 16. Activate sound
- `yay -S alsa-utils pulseaudio-alsa`
The volume can be changed with `alsamixer`.
## Changelog and versions
> 03.04.2020 - Version 1.1en (based on 03.04.2020 - Version 1.1)
> 05.04.2020 - Version 2.1en (based on 05.04.2020 - Version 2.1)

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